4 Common Musical Hurdles – and how to Overcome Them

As a musician, you may be familiar with the moments when you want to bang your head against the keys or throw your drumsticks across the room. Maybe you’re having difficulty finding the time to practice, which has hindered your ability to learn that new song you’ve been wanting to play. Or, maybe you’ve been trying to master a tune but the notes don’t seem to sound quite right.

We’ve all been there. Whether you’re just starting out or a seasoned pro, there are a number of obstacles and destructive beliefs that all musicians need to overcome at one time or another in their musical journey. Here are four common roadblocks, and how to deftly swerve around them.

1. Finding the time to practice

“Practice makes perfect,” right? Well, yes. All musicians need to practice. It’s part of the trade and it’s how you improve your skill.

Making time for musicBut if you’re just starting out as a musician or simply playing as a hobby, it can be difficult to find the time to dedicate to your music. This can of course be frustrating – no practice, no progress! Here are a few tips that might help:

  • Book in practice ahead of time: Look at your calendar a week, a month, or several months in advance (depending on how organized you are) and book in time to practice. Be realistic with yourself. Carve out time that you know you can actually dedicate. When it is booked in, stick to it, prioritize it, and keep it up on a consistent basis.
  • Plan your practice: Now that these practices are booked in, take some time to think about what you want to accomplish at each session. Outline some goals for each session or map out the progress that you want to make from one practice to the next.
  • Change up how you practice: Do you normally practice alone? Next time, invite other musicians to join you. Do you normally practice “deliberately,” where you tackle one specific part or piece and repeat until it’s perfect? Next time try out “interleaved” tactics where you alternate between parts, achieving a more varied and holistic practice session.

2. Organizing your approach

It’s time to expand your repertoire. But learning a new song can be difficult and overwhelming. You may be asking yourself questions like: Where do I start? What song do I choose? How do I incorporate a part with an ensemble or band? How do I organize my practice?

These are great questions that all musicians are faced with at some point. Here are some tips to help you organize your approach:

  • Get focused: You’ve booked in your practice time – now make sure you use it wisely. Think about the type of song you want to learn and make a list of things that you’ll need to do to learn it.
  • Make notes: As you begin to read the music or play the song, make notes to yourself to help you remember specific things about it like keys, breaks, and time signatures. If this is an ensemble, assign codes to instruments and mark up your sheet music to remember where each plays in the piece.
  • Use tools to help: A tool like the Sheet Music Scanner app can help you hear the song before you’ve memorized your part, and you can play the parts and sounds of different instruments. It’s as simple as finding the sheet music and taking a photo to get started.

Once you upload the song, you can choose which instrument you want to hear and change the pitch and tempo. Sheet Music Scanner is a particularly handy tool for music teachers and band/choir directors to process sheet music and organize their musicians.

Sheet Music Scanner screenshots

3. Overcoming songwriter’s block

If you’re a more seasoned musician, you may want to try your hand at writing or arranging music. However, songwriting is more than scribbling down rhymes on the back of a napkin. It involves writing and arranging rich or catchy lyrics that can be set to an original melody. This is not an easy task and sometimes our creativity fails us. Here are some tips to break through that block:

  • Break down the isolation: Sometimes you need input from others to help spark some ideas. Speak with a mentor or a teacher to talk through some ideas or arrange a jam session to make your music come to life. If you can’t meet in person, you can even use tools like Sheet Music Scanner to export music to different files (PDF, MusicXML) and share it with fellow musicians anywhere.
  • Find ways to be inspired: As an artist, there are likely hundreds of things that inspire you to play and write music. Set aside time to go back to the basics, like listening to the music that you already know and love and reading interviews with your musical heroes. Think about something in your life that sparks emotion – either good or bad – that could inspire some lyrics or melodies.

Musician with sheet music

4. Getting discouraged – and getting past it

A mixture of any number of obstacles can start to strain one’s confidence. Maybe you are frustrated at your progress or at the difficulty in finding time to practice. Maybe it was a session that didn’t go quite right.

Don’t let external factors affect the passion you have for your music. Maintain your focus and use your artistic skills and the tools around you to help boost your confidence. Here are some tips to help you overcome frustration and discouragement:

  • Be “SMART”: In business, people talk about setting SMART goals (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Time-bound). There’s no reason why you can’t apply this to your music, too. For example, maybe you want to learn a specific piece of music within one month, or you want to write and record two songs in three months. Whatever your target, setting and working toward SMART goals can give you a sense of purpose and a major sense of accomplishment once you achieve them.SMART goals on chalkboard
  • Join forces: If you’ve ever been on a diet or had a group project to complete, you know that sometimes being held accountable is the most compelling type of motivation and encouragement. Find online or in-person meet-up groups where you can chat to other musicians, exchange ideas, learn, and be encouraged. Online musical communities such as Musical U are a great way to get over any type of obstacles that are straining your confidence – you’ll be surprised at how much an encouraging word or two from someone else can have!

Navigating the rough patches

All musicians face challenges at some point. Whether you’re not finding the time to practice, unsure of how to get started, experiencing songwriter’s block, or feeling discouraged, you should remember that you’re never alone in these challenges –  it’s a journey, not a taxi ride where you’re dropped off at your final destination without effort!

With some effective time management and organization, deliberate goal-setting, and supportive peers, you’ll make it through that musical roadblock – and come out on top.

Take advantage of the tools and communities out there that can help you get on track with your musical passion – you’ll have more fun, create meaningful connections, and pick up some amazing musical ideas along the way!

Sheet Music Scanner is the perfect sidekick to help you hear what the music sounds like before you learn to play it – so you can play it as confidently and expressively as possible.

Software developer and classical guitarist David Zemsky is the creator of Sheet Music Scanner, a tool to help you sight read and learn the music you’ve always wished you could play.

The post 4 Common Musical Hurdles – and how to Overcome Them appeared first on Musical U.

Off the page and back again, with Chris Owenby

Today we’re speaking with Chris Owenby, the man behind the website “Practice Habits” where he shares blogposts and videos to help musicians and especially piano teachers with their students to form more effective and enjoyable practice routines.

As well as running Practice Habits and its corresponding members website for piano teachers, Chris is also an award-winning composer, and the creator of The Online Piano Course, which as you’ll be hearing in this episode is an interestingly different approach to learning piano, both in what is covered and the way it is taught online.

In this conversation we talk about:

  • The unusual musical journey that led to him being equally comfortable in the worlds of sheet music and playing by ear
  • How to find patterns in the music you play, and why that’s useful
  • The clever way Chris has managed to reconcile the importance of adapting teaching to fit each student with providing an online course for learning piano

We expected to focus mostly on practice tips and tricks in this interview but it turned out to be so rich in interesting ideas and advice about playing by ear, improvising, and finding your own way through music learning that we think we’ll have to invite Chris back for a part two in future!

Listen to the episode:

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Transcript

Chris Owenby: Hi, this is Chris Owenby from PracticeHabits.co, and you’re listening to the Musicality podcast.

Christopher: Welcome to the show, Chris. Thank you for joining us today.

Chris Owenby: Thank you for having me, Christopher. I appreciate it. I’m glad to be here.

Christopher: I’ve so enjoyed diving into your website and learning all about your teaching practice habits for piano teachers, and also your online course for piano students. But, I’d love to know more about Chris Owenby himself. Can you tell us how did your musical story begin?

Chris Owenby: Sure. I have a unique upbringing in the fact that I was born and raised in the church. In fact, my family was the leadership of the church, so my grandpa was the pastor, my grandmother, the church pianist, my dad, the music director, and my mom did some of the children’s music there. Being around music at such an early age was, I guess, unique in a lot of ways. But, definitely helped me fall into music, I was around it, I was going to rehearsals, I got to see my dad lead the music on Sunday mornings, and be a part of that. It’s funny, I remember certain melodies from songs that I would’ve sung in some of the children’s musicals there. I was around that my childhood, and that church still exists today, and my grandma’s still playing in the church.

Christopher: Fantastic.

Chris Owenby: But, I began taking piano lessons at age six. I did the whole classical thing, where I’d go and learn basic technique, learn how to read music, but I was a horrible student, didn’t really practice that much. I took classical piano lessons for the majority of being a child in elementary, middle school, and then in high school as well. I took a couple of years off in there, but for sure I was around music from just an early age.

Christopher: And, tell me, what that looked like for you when you say you were involved in the music in the church. Was that mostly singing?

Chris Owenby: In the beginning, mostly singing, because I would have been a part of the children’s musicals, and plays there, which my mom would have lead. Then, just really as a spectator, I guess. I say spectator, but in worship, watching the worship band, my dad leading the music, grandma playing. But, primarily as a singer for sure. It’s funny, I joke with some of my students today, I teach piano, but I joke with some of my students talking about ear training, and such, that I grew up in the church, singing the hymns, and singing the songs, but I rarely sang the melody because my mom, we’d stand together in the congregation, and she would always sing the alto harmony. I would learn the alto harmony, and that was just part of my church musical experience. For sure singing, and singing the melodies, and then with my mom, singing some alto.

Christopher: Fantastic. I love that as a route into singing harmony at such an early age, that’s great. When you were taking those piano lessons then, what kind of piano teaching was that for? What style, and was it very traditional, or more-?

Chris Owenby: Sure. It was very traditional, and fun fact for you, my piano teacher was also my mother’s piano teacher, was also my aunt’s piano teacher. Miss Jackie Hudson who I got to see just a couple weeks ago. Very traditional teacher, we did the method books, and all of that. From beginning, and all the way up to level seven, level eight, whatever they go up to. That was a very traditional approach with some supplemental materials, especially as I got older playing some of the classical pieces, and such.

Christopher: And how did you find that, was that factoring in you being a poor student, and not practicing, or was it appealing and you didn’t practice for other reasons?

Chris Owenby: Yeah. I think I just wanted to play outside, really. I wanted to do other things, right? For sure, my parents would, I guess, make me practice, or encourage me to practice, sometimes strongly encourage me to practice, otherwise, I wouldn’t get my dessert or something. But, I say I was a poor student in the fact that I guess, my practice wasn’t focused, but at the same time, I really didn’t know my practice should be focused. As great of a piano teacher as I had, I’m not so sure, and she probably did, and I just wasn’t paying attention. I’m not so sure we talked about the power of focus in practice when you’re a child learning how to play the instrument. There was a lot on your mind anyway, you’re thinking about a lot of different things, and not so much in a strategic way when you’re in your piano lessons, in your practice. That’s something that has to be learned I think.

For sure, as I got older, could’ve spent some more time on the piano, I knew I should, and I guess at some point I realized that my practice should be somewhat focused. I think some of that just comes with age, maturity, and being exposed to different things, right?

Christopher: Interesting. I asked for a couple of reasons, I think the first is just that I always love to pick our guests brains, and backstory to find out were they the kid who was glued to the piano and couldn’t be pulled away from it, or were they more like, I’m sure a lot of our listener’s can identify with, that it didn’t come that naturally, and it wasn’t always that much fun to practice. Certainly for me, growing up, I was very lucky in the music education I had early on, but I was not a diligent practicer by any stretch. The second reason I ask is just that obviously you are known now for PracticeHabits, where you have some fantastic advice, and I’m going to be picking your brains later in the conversation for some tips for our listeners on better practicing, and maybe what teachers can do to help their students stay motivated with that practice. I think it’s interesting to hear that you were one who was not finding it so motivating in your early years.

Chris Owenby: It’s kind of ironic, and funny, and strange all at the same time, right? But-

Christopher: Poetic, I think, you’ve come full circle.

Chris Owenby: There were for sure pieces along the way that maybe were pieces that I could resonate with a bit more. I think, for me, in the beginning, just because classic repertoire represents its own set of challenges, all different styles do. It was very difficult for me to focus on certain pieces. I enjoyed certain styles, as I said, I was born and raised around music in the church, so I was used to a certain style of music. For sure, we did old-timey, southern gospel stuff, but then that eased into modern day praise and worship stuff, which is very pop syncopated rhythms. When I was presented with a pop piece that I could play, something in that style, in that vein, I really gravitated toward that, and I could spend more time practicing that because I was interested, and shied away from some of the classics that I grew to love.

Christopher: Cool. Maybe that leads onto the answer to what I wanted to ask you next, which is how did you go from that slightly, inauspicious beginning of reluctant piano student, to becoming a piano teacher, and someone who is clearly very enthusiastic about the art of teaching, and the art of learning? What changed along the way?

Chris Owenby: Right. I was doing classical piano lessons, and loved my teacher, as I said, not the greatest student. But, just one day, my grandmother, as I said she was the church pianist in our home church, who is just, and still to this day, fantastic gospel pianist. You talk about the stride style of piano, where you take that left hand from the base notes all the way up to the chord, just a very difficult style of playing, and then maintaining a melody, and these intricate harmonies, and the right hand, just very difficult.
I play at a stride style, I’m not very good at it, but she said, “Christopher, come on over to the piano.” I knew it was serious, you’re Christopher, but my family calls me “Chris,” so if they call me “Christopher,” it’s a serious thing. She called me over to the piano, “We’re going to have a piano lesson.” This was going to be nontraditional piano lesson, and my grandma kind of read music, but I think had probably been years since she pulled out a piece, so she would’ve been very rusty. I think at some point, we had that conversation, but she brought me over and she began playing this old-timey gospel song, I guess, if I could remember it … I can’t remember the title, but if I were to hear it, I’d know it immediately. But, she began to play this piece, and just the intricate harmony she would come up with, they were just really beautiful to me.

I had grown up with that style, so listening to that it felt good to hear her play it, to see her play it, and then she began to place my hands on the piano, and say, “Here’s this harmony. This is where you should place your hand. It looks and sounds like this.” So I began to mimic what she was doing on the piano. She wasn’t giving me a whole lot of background in terms of “this is why you’re doing that,” but I think she just wanted me to hear me play that piece, like she was playing that piece. This’ll point to the fact that my grandma being a just a wonderful musician, and a wonderful person, not that wonderful of a teacher. She would get really frustrated at me. “You can’t hear that? You can’t hear that, right there? This chord right here, this one right here,” and she’d play it over and over again, saying “No, I can’t hear that one,” I call her Mimi, “I can’t hear that, Mimi.”

From that moment, though, I think I got towards the end of the lesson, I could play maybe a chorus of it, just muscle memory, remembering exactly where she had placed my hands on the piano. Two or three lessons of that, and finally learning that song, Holy Ground, I believe is the name of the song. After three lessons of that, and then being able to play that song, from start to finish, I think at this point I was 13 or so, 12 or 13, 14 years old. Being able to play that from start to finish, without sheet music, and it sound like my grandma playing it, even though I had no clue what I was doing, just the muscle memory, felt really good. It was music I was familiar with, it sounded musical ’cause she had taught me some of the expression and all of that.

From that moment on, I just began to dive deep into learning how to play pieces in that same way. By listening, and then mimicking, or playing back what I had learned from the CD. I vivaciously would just grab CD’s, put them in the CD player, listen to the piano part, and now instead of actually physically … YouTube wasn’t here yet, with all the videos and stuff that I could mimic the parts, but I would listen back, and this was her instruction to me, I would listen back to those CD’s, and pick those parts out as best I could. You talk about repetition, repetition, and I couldn’t do it with the classical pieces, although, the repetition would’ve helped. I knew how to play the notes on the page, but just something about hearing that music, and being able to play it back just really inspired me. I began to learn songs in that way, and that I feel is the moment that I really began to fall in love with music, and music making.

Christopher: That’s wonderful. I think that kind of learning by ear, and really just focusing on the sound, and your instrument, it gives you such a different dimension on learning music, doesn’t it? It gives you such a different relationship with your instrument. I remember when we had Sara Campbell on the show, previously, she was talking about some of the ways she helped her students to understand scales based on the finger shapes, and the visual of the piano keyboard, rather than just the dots on the staff. It’s that same thing where your brain opens up and you realize, “Oh, there’s this whole other way to think about music,” right?

Chris Owenby: Right. It’s improvisation to be able to hear something, a song that you love and be able to play it back. Even if you’re reading sheet music, it’s the same way, and I grew to love that, learned to love that. That’s the second part of my story, I guess, but being able to hear something and play it back, that was for sure, for me, the key to falling in love with music and music making.

Christopher: And it’s really cool to hear too, that for you it was painstaking repetition, and the way we teach it, playing by ear at Musical U, we don’t promise it’s a magical switch that you can flip, and the trick of playing by ear, you don’t have to have a gift. It really is about trial and error, and it’s about experimentation, and yes, there’s ear training, and specific exercises you can do to accelerate that, but reality is someone who plays by ear, has practiced playing by ear. Practicing means you’re going to get it wrong some of the time. I think you painted a really vivid picture, there, of you listening to the CD’s, and just trying, and trying, and finding your way to be able to play by ear.

Chris Owenby: That’s the right word, painful at times. It really is, but through that pain, there’s a great reward on the other end. When you learn a piece, you learn a lick, or whatever, it’s very encouraging.

Christopher: Mm-hmm (affirmative), and of course, there can be more structured and efficient ways to do it, as we’ll be talking about later in the context of your online piano course. But, first, I want to find out where that journey went. You had this whole new dimension opened up to you, in terms or learning by ear, and improvising, and arranging by ear, where did things go from there?

Chris Owenby: Sure. Improvisation became the catalyst for getting interested in learning how to write my own songs and compose. In the beginning, for me, it would’ve just, the word composition wouldn’t have come to mind, although I certainly knew what it meant. It would’ve been songwriting, because I grew up in the church, and when we sing in church, in the old country church, we sing songs, we’re not singing pieces. We’re not hearing traditional preludes, and postludes, as much as I love them in traditional worship. For me, it was the songs, so that lead to just this idea of learning how to write my own music. Around this time, 13, 14 years old, I began to get interested in the possibility of playing with my church band. Being at a small church, and a family in leadership like that, and then grew up in the church, and being a part of those things, for sure, and having at this point, the musical technique to get involved and contribute to the church band. They were happy to let me be a part of that. That, I tell you, was a huge learning experience for me, and what a great opportunity to be able to play now with seasoned musicians.

For our little church, we had a good little band. My grandma, as I said, on keys, we had guitar, bass, and drummer that came in and out, maybe a drummer that would rotate in and out, from time to time. But, being able to now put these new ideas and concepts into practice was really beneficial. I began to learn how to read chords on a chord chart. How to be able to look at lead sheet, look at the melodic line, which I knew how to read, because I had taken the classical lessons, but now make sense of it in terms of that is a melody, and I am going to harmonize it with chords, and make it sound more full, and complete. Make it sound like music. That was a great learning experience for me, getting to play with that band.

I played all the way up to going off to college, and I went to a small college out in LaGrange, Georgia, and got involved immediately with the music program there. At this point I had taken a couple years off classical piano lessons, which I think was good for me at the time because it allowed me to focus on improvisation, and putting those ideas into practice, and being able to visualize music from this other side was really helpful, and would be really helpful in learning how to write my own songs. I had written some songs up until this point, applied to the music program at LaGrange College, got accepted to the music composition program, but then also wanted to keep up with my piano.

At this point, I can’t say that I had fallen in love with traditional classical piano yet, I for sure appreciated it because I knew how much work and effort went into it. But, I wanted to try my hand at jazz, so I took some jazz piano lessons, had a fantastic teacher … I’ll go ahead and tell you, I skimmed the surface of jazz. I could play a little jazz for you now, but those two years at taking jazz lessons, just helped me flesh out these ideas. Learning how to improvise, learning how to play with lead sheets, and improvise around chords, and also play with a band in a different style. The way you approach music theory in a jazz context is very different from a classical context. Some of the chords that you voice are very different from classical voicings, and even though it’s the same nuts and bolts in a lot of ways, the way you play in a jazz setting is very different from a classical setting.

It was very helpful for me to take those couple of years of jazz piano lessons, but then eventually, I saw the importance, especially as I began to … my songwriting was now becoming … I was getting more interested in music composition in the traditional sense. Fell in love with choral music, started listening to a lot of Bach, at this time. That’s interesting too, right? ‘Cause Bach and Jazz, there’s a lot of similarities there between baroque period music and the way jazz sounds. I think that’s really interesting just the similarities between those two, and there’s been a lot of artists that take those baroque pieces and jazzify them, and put them in that style. It’s kind of a neat thing.

But, I began to get interested in composition in the traditional sense, notating my creations or whatever I was working on, and that lead me back to classical piano lessons. I hated myself for taking those two years off, because now I had to get back into reading music, and if you’ve ever taken some time off … I had left off in high school being able to read some legit pieces. I could play some Beethoven sonatas and such, I can’t say that I played them extremely well, but I knew how to read through them. I got back into classical lessons in college, and it was painful to work back up to where I had left off. But, eventually did it, it didn’t take two years to get there, it took a few months of lots of practice, and focused practice. There’s that word again. But I eventually got there and fell in love with classical piano.

Christopher: Interesting. That’s pretty rare, in my experience, someone who starts out in the sheet music world, as it were. Takes a trip into the world of playing by ear, and improvisation, and the more jazzy style of things, and then circles back, and rekindles their love of the classical style.

Chris Owenby: For me, it was music composition for sure, it’s what brought that full circle, because at this point, I realized music, regardless of the style, whether it’s classical, whether it’s traditional classical, or improvisation, pop, jazz, whatever, music is music. The nuts and bolts of music theory, chords, scales, but it’s the way we approach these things that determine the style of music, and inform that style of music. The way we play certain things. The classical setting might be very different than we play them in a jazz or improvisatory way, but at the end of the day they’re all the same thing.

Now, I was surrounded by folks who were doing both. I had friend that were writing songs, and recording, producing their songs in the studio there at the college, and then I had friends who were notating pieces for choir and getting them performed by the choir. I wanted to be able to do that as well. I saw, at this point, for Chris and his musical future, I had to make a decision. Was I going to embrace one style and focus on that, I’ve always been that way, either pick this track and go with it, pick this track and go with that. Or was I going to be able to take both of those styles and merge them into what I did, and let that inform my musical direction. I chose to now learn how to begin notating my compositions, also for playback, right? For the way a composer is heard and appreciated is through the conduit of other musicians.

As a composer, I realized I could put a lead sheet in front of somebody and ask them to improvise one of my songs, which would be fine, I would be happy to hear that. But, at the same time, if I ever wanted someone to hear a vocal piece of mine, or something like this, it was gonna have to be notated. I needed to learn how to notate what was the stuff I was coming up with. That idea of bridging those two styles and then through my music composition, being able to be heard in different ways is what I think helped bring me full circle back to the classical piano lessons.

Christopher: And that certainly seems to have paid off for you in a very successful career as a composer. It’s also something that comes through very clearly, I think, in PracticeHabits.co and the way you approach teaching piano that you do bridge those two worlds of the sheet music, classical, and the free creative, and ear based side of things. I’d love to hear more about how you approach that, maybe we could take the example of how you begin lessons with a new student, or how you structure things over time to give them a taste of both of those worlds, and help them feel comfortable in both.

Chris Owenby: Sure. I guess I’m not traditional in the sense when I have a new student come into my studio, that we immediately dive into the method books, and stay there in a learning how to play the notes on the page based on fingerings, and just teaching them traditional notation. I for sure teach them traditional notation, but I’m also, as I’ve already mentioned, I think it’s important to be a well rounded musician to have the ability to both read, and then also learn how to take those elements, and learn how to improvise and play things from ear.

For me to say that I adopt one approach for every student, would not be the case. I will analyze, first and foremost every student’s different, right? When they come in, some of them may be more inclined to read the notes on the page and do really well there. But, then some come in, and you notice three, or four, five lessons in, they’re reading the notes, but if you take the book away and teach them the patterns of whatever piece they’re working on, a method piece. It’s much easier for them to grasp onto the pattern without the notating music in front of them, as opposed to actually looking at the page, and playing the notes on the page.

Every student learns differently, so I think it’s being sensitive to the different ways that kids learn. I say kids, most of my students are kids. I teach a couple of adults, as well. But, even then, whatever experiences of that adult coming in, whether they’re a brand new student, or whether they’ve had classical lessons in the past are approached from a sheer improvisatory approach to piano. That informs the direction of those piano lessons. I think it’s just being sensitive to those things, but yeah, if a student comes in, I’m gonna try to adapt my approach to fit however it seemed that that student is going to learn best. For sure, if we stick with those books for a little while, at some point, I’m gonna teach them how to take those same ideas and concepts, chords, scales, and learn how to improvise.

I just had a student come in today, and she’s great at reading the printed page, and just can add the expression once she’s learned the notes. She’s just got a knack for it. One thing that we have started focusing on a lot more recently, is taking scales, and chords and putting those into practice. We’re taking a simple song, Twinkle Twinkle Little Star, and she learned that in the key of C, if you’re familiar with a piano. The key of C is all the white notes from C to shining C, as I like to say. She places her hands on the right note, I show her finger position, and then using her ear, and this was all her, I said, “I want you to pick out the song Twinkle Twinkle Little Star.” I asked her questions about the melody, at this point, the first note to the second note. “Twinkle twinkle, does that leap, or does that step? Do you feel like there’s a gap between those notes, or not?” She answers back, “There’s a gap between those notes.” That informs the direction that she’s gonna go, and she places her hands on the piano. Getting her, then, to transpose that to different places on the piano.

It’s very much an element of using the ear and improvisation in my approach to teaching, as well as notated music.

Christopher: And it’s interesting there that in that example, you were giving her a bit of a framework to work with. When we did our improv month here on the podcast, we were talking a bit about this idea of “playgrounds”, where to improvise, or to learn to improvise in a safe and relaxed way. It can be helpful to set some boundaries and say, “Okay, I’m just gonna work with this scale, or I’m gonna use this chord progression,” so that you know, roughly speaking, what you’re gonna play is gonna sound musical. It sounds like you are using those same kinds of concepts.

Chris Owenby: Definitely. I think framework is good. I like having guidelines and boundaries as well, right? Whether it’s a piece I’m working on, learning how to play, focusing on a particular passage and walking away with having accomplished one or two things, or whether it’s something that I’m composing. If it’s a choral piece that the text dictates the piece, and where I choose to go with the music. Framework is good, it’s great for little musicians. It’s great for older musicians.

Christopher: And you used another word that I love in the context of playing by ear, and improvising, which is patterns. You said if a student is working with a sheet music, but just that it’s more helpful to take that away and show them some of the underlying patterns that can be helpful. Can you explain a bit more what you mean by that, and maybe some examples of patterns you would draw out from a particular piece to equip the student with.

Chris Owenby: Sure. Music is all about patterns. If you look at a piece of music that’s well crafted, typically you’ll find that an 8-bar phrase, 8 measure phrase, is made up of maybe four melodic patterns, or two larger melodic patterns. It’s very symmetrical. Take Beethoven’s 5th Symphony, “Bum, bum, bum, bum. Buh, buh, buh, bum,” and then throughout the entire first movement there, you get nothing but this pattern. Over and over again, so patterns are important. To teach students where those patterns are in the music is also very important. We might take a piece, right before the students even playing it, or I typically like to have the students sight-read through a piece, a brand new piece with me in the room, so that I can point out certain things that’s gonna help them and inform their practice at home.

We might take a simple piece, for this example, let’s take Twinkle Twinkle Little Star. If that’s notated on the page, or if it’s not notated on the page, in the same way I did it with Ava, I can still point out those patterns. Say it’s notated, we’d look at the patterns together, being able to visualize those patterns, and then I’d have the student slowly, and that’s another thing. Slow and steady wins the race, especially when we’re learning a brand new piece of music. But I’d have students slowly play through a passage, and then along the way, I’d point out certain patterns. So, Twinkle Twinkle Little Star, “Dah, dah, dee, dah, dee, dah, dah.” There’s the first pattern, or the first melodic snippet, and then we hear the second rhythmic pattern, “Dah, dah, dah, dah, dee, dah, dah.” Same exact rhythm, and so I’d point that out to the student. That’s one example of finding those patterns within pieces of music.

Another book that’s just chock-full of patterns is a scale book. It teaches a lot of exercises for us pianists. Hanon just has all kinds of exercises, and you could teach Hanon exercises to classical students, or to folks who are just wanting to learn how to improvise. It’s great to teach finger dexterity, but then also, it’s chock-full of patterns. You can simply show a student, maybe the first pattern. I’ll try to hum one for you from, I think, the first exercise, “La, duh, dee, duh, dee, duh, dee, duh, dee, duh, dee, duh.” So, stepwise motion moving up the keys, you play that pattern over and over again. It’s locking into the patterns, and then helping students see those patterns, and then that’s gonna help inform their practice at home.

Christopher: That’s great. I’m really reminded of an episode we did with Nick Mainella of the “10 Minute Jazz Lesson” podcast. Where he was talking about learning vocabulary for becoming a jazz improvisor, but the crucial thing he was saying was to not just learn it by rote, but to take the time to analyze it, figure out what’s going on, and really get into it conceptually. I love that you’re describing the same kind of thing for sheet music. It’s not just “can you learn to play the right notes at the right time with your fingering,” it’s really “let’s pick this apart, figure out what was the composer doing? How does it all fit together? And then what can we take away and use in a different context.”

Chris Owenby: Sure. Even back to the music composition thing, it’s the same way. When you’re learning to compose, the best way to do that is grab a score and look at the patterns within Beethoven’s Symphony or a Mozart Symphony, or something like this. I know you have a lot of bass players and guitarists in your audience as well. That would be a great exercise for someone who’s wanting to learn how to play the bass, right? To take a specific pattern bass lick and play that through a set of chords, a chord progression, and just changing the position. Maybe the groove is set up to sound something like, “La, dah, dee, dah, dah, dah, dee, dah,” and then just taking that idea, transposing it up a note, to different chords, is a great exercise for any musician. There you go, free one for the bass players.

Christopher: Nice. That maybe gets a bit at a question I had in my head here when you talked through that, and scanning the sheet music, looking for these patterns. Do you think that’s something students can do independently? Or do you think it takes a teacher to guide them through and find those patterns?

Chris Owenby: That’s interesting you ask that question. Very recently, I had a student come to. Thomas is his name, and he, I tell you, out of a lot students that I’ve taught, and I’ve taught a lot of kids how to play the piano. Thomas has more of a natural knack, ability for finding those patterns, he’s really good at math, I have found, talking to his mom. For Thomas, I didn’t have to really teach him where the patterns are. He finds those on his own. I think it depends. Certain students are gonna be a little more naturally inclined to find those things, and gravitate towards those things in the music. Whereas, others might need a little bit of direction in the beginning.

I probably fell into the second camp as a kid. Show me where the patterns are, give me a template to work with, and then I can go home and do that. I think for most students, giving them that instruction in a one on one lesson, and then allowing them to take that home, and practice through that, and find those patterns. For me, would be the most common approach, but you’re gonna run across students like Thomas who just have a natural ability to find those patterns, and make sense of them. He’s funny, he brought a piece to me the other day, and showed me where the patterns were. I hadn’t really thought through it, I was like, “Oh, you’re right, Thomas. I never thought about that one.” There you go.

Christopher: I think it’s such a fascinating area. It relates a lot to something we talk about in Musical U, which is passive ear training. The idea that apart from doing active exercises to develop your ears, you can also learn a lot just by listening to music, and if particularly you’re paying attention to the music, what you find is a lot of our members coming in, they often have a lot of musical experience. But, they don’t have any of the mental frameworks for making sense of it.

Their ears are picking up on these patterns, and as a listener they’re appreciating them, but it needs them to be shown these are the structures you’re hearing, and these are the names for them, before they can really get a handle on it and start spotting them. The other good news is often they can make very rapid progress with a few little pointers like that. I think that’s definitely one of the benefits of a one on one lesson, like you described. Your teacher can hand you those names, and structures, and explanations of what the student is naturally interested in listening to in the music.

Chris Owenby: Sure. As I said earlier, every student, old or young, is different and they’re going to learn differently. Just being sensitive to that and embracing that, even for the student to embrace that, that’s the way I learn. That’s okay. Taking it and running with it, I’m with you, patterns are important.

Christopher: To play devil’s advocate a little bit, as someone who recognizes that each student is different, and they’re coming to it with a different learning style, maybe, or a different musical background. How have you found it developing an online course that students can use, and how does that work in the online piano course?

Chris Owenby: Sure. The online piano course is essentially more of a improvisatory approach of learning how to play the piano, where I can take students through the nuts and bolts, scales, chords, and crafting those things, reproducing those things on the piano to learn how to play their favorite songs. What I’ve found is that being, first off, very clear with folks that are signing up for the course, that this is a course where I’m gonna be teaching you, essentially, how to learn how to improvise is helpful.

In the course itself, when crafting it in the beginning, I was a little skeptical of how the whole thing was gonna work. I knew there was Skype lessons, but even on the individual Skype lessons, just like right now, you and I can see one another, you can see the piano student, you can demonstrate for the piano student. How do you do that with a group of people? How do you explain things, of course you can do this through prerecorded video, which is very much a part of the course, and probably where most of the music fundamentals are taught in the online piano courses, just through those prerecorded videos.

But, I wanted there to be some kind of live community feel to it as well, and I’ve gotten really into, interested in Facebook Live as of late. Thinking that being maybe almost a natural teaching tool for that, especially for groups. It’s worked beautifully inside the course. In addition to the prerecorded content, I’m teaching folks how to improvise using scales and chords, but also being their virtual coach in the Facebook Live videos. It gives us that almost one on one feel, where I’m able to demonstrate things, and if they have a question about something, they can type that in the comment section, right?

Christopher: It’s definitely a core part of our philosophy at Musical U, that you can’t design an effective, one size fits all, music course in general. Definitely not for the more creative skills of musicality like improvisation, and the whole ear training side of things. We’ve just found, because musicians are so different, if you try and put everyone on the same path, it doesn’t work for anybody. I was just really interested to hear how it’s been going, providing nominally “A course” with your clear understanding that every student is different. It sounds like you’ve found a really elegant solution to that, to combine the prerecorded material with a very personal support aspect through the Facebook Live.

Chris Owenby: Yeah, it’s working really well, and like I said in the beginning, it took a lot of thought to think through how, as you say, there’s not a one size fits all approach to this thing, and being someone who has taught traditional piano lessons one on one, I wanted to bring that one on one feel to an online group lesson format. The Facebook Live videos and those Q&A sessions together, have been really helpful. I get a lot of good feedback from the members, many of who are learning how to play the piano for the first time, and many who are just wanting to take their basic piano knowledge to the next level. It’s fun. It’s a lively group of folks that just wanna learn how to play the piano, and they’re finally learning. It’s good.

Christopher: Fantastic. Give us a little glimpse of what’s covered in that course. You said it’s focused on the improvisational side of things. How do you teach that?

Chris Owenby: Sure. Teaching students basic scales, such as the C major scale that I mentioned earlier, as well as scales that are related to major scales. The minor scales, every major scale has a related minor scale. Learning major and minor scales, which make up the basically, the foundation of Western music as we know it. Major and minor, that happier sound vs that sadder sound that you hear. Teaching students how to play with those scales, to play them … here’s the funny part. Even though we’re improvising, I’m still teaching classical technique because some stuff just works.

You’ll play a scale, there should be a certain fingering, right? So, I teach them the proper way to play these scales, the way that makes most sense. Then how to take those scales and take the chords, clusters of notes, right? Stacked up together, and then use those ideas to play their favorite songs. Music that they’re interested in learning how to play. Some of the prerecorded video, well, it takes students all the way to the beginning. Basic scales and then learning the basic chords, your primary chords, and then how to apply that to the songs that they want to learn. But then also, how to take that a step further, and transpose their songs to different keys on the piano. Then within the live piano lessons, we’re building upon those concepts taught in the prerecorded lessons, answering any questions that they have, and just building a firm foundation for piano students. I’ve laid the framework already for basic scales and chords, and now we just build upon that.

Christopher: Well, I think any listeners who are following along with our improv month will appreciate how much, I believe, and at Musical U, we believe in that kind of scales, and chords approach to really equip you with the building blocks that music is made from. It’s not about randomly picking notes from the air and trusting your instinct, it’s about really understanding where the notes in music come from.

Chris Owenby: Sure. I think that’s the important thing, and don’t get me wrong, because I said in the beginning of our conversation when my grandma teaching me how to play that song visually, through muscle memory. That was important and that set me on this path to really understand what was happening there, and learn how to play songs by ear. But, we do live in this age where you can just hop on the internet, right? And pull up a song, and there’s so many folks that teach, and I think it’s a beautiful thing, but at the same time, having this more of a traditional approach to teaching in general, even if I’m teaching students how to play something by ear.

I think you hit on it there, that it’s important to show students why they’re doing what they’re doing, why it works, because if they understand how and why it works, then they can reproduce that on different songs that they wanna learn, or maybe simply transposing a song to a different key. It’s important to learn also the “why” and the “how.”

Christopher: That sounds like a really terrific way to teach improvisation. Definitely for any listeners who are looking to bring their piano skills to improvisation, or who are maybe just looking to get started on piano in a free and creative way, definitely do check out the online piano course. You’ll find that at ExpeditionPiano.com. Chris, is there anything on that site that people can get started with if they want a taste of how this could work for them?

Chris Owenby: Sure. If folks go www.expeditionpiano.com/freepianocourse, that’s gonna take them to a sign up page where they can sign up for a free course, where I’m basically gonna teach folks the nuts and bolts, those chords, those scales to get started playing their favorite songs. If anyone wants a little more one on one approach and access to those Facebook Live videos as well, then they could definitely sign up to The Online Piano Course, and that’s something I’d be happy to share with folks.

Christopher: Tremendous. Thank you. We’ll definitely put a link to both of those in the show notes for this episode at musicalitypodcast.com.

Well, I want to be respectful of your time. I wanted to dig into Practice Habits with you, and I think we’ll link in the show notes to a blog post you have on your recommended habits to make for effective practice, because it’s definitely something that any listener can really benefit from to really maximize the results they get from their practice sessions.

Thank you so much. It’s been such a pleasure to talk with you, Chris, and learn more about your own background, and your approach to teaching.

Chris Owenby: It’s been a pleasure, Christopher. Thank you so much for having me, and keep up the good work.

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Musical U Member Spotlight: VeeraL

The competitive nature of traditional classical piano education isn’t for everyone. Just ask Musical U member VeeraL – despite her deep love for music and her determination to succeed as a classical pianist and teacher in Finland, she found the hierarchical values of the “system” so oppressive that she (temporarily!) lost her passion for music.

When she moved to a new country – with her husband of 10 years, two young children and a third on the way – VeeraL seized the opportunity to take a break from music.

Ever so slowly, music crept back into her life – but this time on her terms. She discovered musicality skills – like playing by ear and improvising – that were completely absent from the rigorous classical training of her youth, and began to put her old skills to new use.

Most importantly, VeeraL is determined to enjoy her own music making.

Now living, teaching, and learning a hemisphere away from her native country, VeeraL has discovered Musical U and is forging her own trail on our Play Chords by Ear and Learn to Improvise Roadmaps.

Greetings VeeraL – we are so delighted that you joined us here at Musical U today! Please tell us more about how you started with music.

When I was four years old my family got an old piano from a relative who had passed away. My grandfather used to play it when they visited, and I loved listening to him play.

My parents signed me up for piano lessons when I was five and fast-forward 20 years I graduated in Classical Piano pedagogy and performance, having had the proper Russian School piano training from my conservatory teacher, who had immigrated to Finland from Moscow.

I’ve been teaching piano ever since I was a teenager, and worked as a teacher and accompanist during and after my music studies in Finland.

VeeraL describes her experience with the Chords by Ear roadmap in Musical U

Even though when I was a kid my favorite songs to play where the easy arrangements of pop and folk songs, I learned to deeply love and appreciate classical music during my many years of studies. But I hated the competition and hierarchy among the musicians, which eventually affected me so deeply that I completely lost the passion for music which had always been the driving force inside me.

When I had kids, and later on moved to Canada for my husband’s work, I felt it was time for me to take a long break from it all.

But being a pastor’s wife, who didn’t have an actual job (except for three young kids!) I could not say no to the church when they asked if I could play there. So I stepped into an unknown world of church musicians and was introduced to new styles of music I’d never really played before.

That started my journey which eventually got me here to Musical U. In my journey outside the genre of classical music I have been challenged in many ways and learned a lot by just saying “yes” to people, and then going home and working hard to learn completely new things out of YouTube and recordings, using the chord charts and my ears only.

Many of my bandmates can play various instruments, but still don’t know how to read music! I can play anything if it’s written out in notes, but to create something from scratch on the spot? I have learned to do that a little bit, but I feel like I’m just scratching the surface.

Yes, it’s amazing how traditionally segmented our musical worlds can be, but I am also encouraged to see how those artificial barriers are being broken down by musicians like you and others.

VeeraL, what’s your favorite track these days, and how does it inspire you?

My favorite track at the moment, hmmm… one of them is from the Emma Salokoski Ensemble:

A Finnish singer/songwriter (singing in English here) with an amazing band. Making music should be fun times shared with other people, and this song makes me happy! Also, I would love to play like the pianist here!

Wow, that is fun! Finnish samba sung in English… the world is growing smaller! And yes, very strong players in that band. I can see now how important having fun with music is to you

Back to your musical journey, what was your next move? What are you working on these days?

After 10 years of not teaching and only playing where I was needed, we moved to Australia, and I finally sent my youngest kid to primary school. Suddenly I had a lot of free time in my hands, and I started to feel the itch to get back to my music again.

piano student feeling lost and without inpiration.I was asked to join a couple of church bands, and also people wanted to have piano lessons with me. Today I teach piano at a local primary school and have my own home studio. I do accompanist jobs and help organize piano events in my hometown with a local keyboard association. I teach the classical piano method, but try to include a lot of rote pieces and some chord playing and improv to make the learning more fun and to break my students free from the thinking that playing piano is all about reading the right notes – and that my only job is to tell them when they hit the wrong note.

I love teaching my students and they are all eager to learn, but the fact is that these days most of them have never listened to classical music and the instrument they have at home is often a tiny keyboard, not an acoustic piano or even a digital one. More often than not the one thing a piano student expects to learn when they start lessons is to play something they have heard and like, and then go and show it to their friends.

That’s totally a right thing to expect and I want to be able to help them with that.

In my opinion the standard classical way of learning piano is not necessarily something that can be enjoyed for life – or in some cases enjoyed at all 🙂 What happens when you only learn to play what other people wrote, and don’t have a clue what to do when someone asks you to just “play something nice”.

Many students quit having lessons when they are teenagers and possibly never touch the piano again in their life. That’s a lot of time and money wasted, when it could have been used to gain a life-giving skill to create music they love and enjoy, with their own hands.

I’m not willing to give up the two things in my teaching that I consider fundamental – a good technique and the skill of reading the music. They are the skills that are not easily self-taught, and they are the necessary building blocks of a musician. But at the same time, there must be a way to make learning relevant and fun too, something that will ignite a passion for music and eventually become a defining thing in the student’s lives, something that can be shared with friends and something to be proud of.

Learning Sonatinas is just not that anymore.

adult friends having fun at the piano.jpegSadly, the standard way of piano teaching is currently often not something that will motivate the students to achieve these ideals of passion and relevance, but I’m on a mission to make it so!

More than anything I want to teach my students to appreciate and understand music and to enjoy it – any style. So I’m working hard to make my piano lessons relevant and fun, and to be able to motivate my students to practice the skills needed to be able to play so that they can enjoy it.

Ok VeeraL, now I’m a little bit blown away here. You speak as a teacher from such a strong foundation of mission, wisdom, and experience, and yet side by side with your teaching, you’re still plugging through modules at Musical U. How does Musical U add to your vision, and help you fulfill it?

I feel like I’m filling in the blanks that have been lurking behind my back all these years, eating away my confidence. I have found ways to start learning exactly the skills I’ve been lacking with my own playing, and the understanding of how music is made with the underlying relations of harmonies that move the music in certain directions.

Musical U has the one thing I’ve been after for a long time. The modules I’ve taken have already opened my eyes (and ears!) to understand the vast possibilities of learning music in other ways than just the standard classical way that I have been taught. I can’t wait to learn more and to share these things with my students!

Before MU I think I was stuck in only playing from sheet music, or improvising in the same style I had learned, not really even understanding what I was doing and always feeling a little uncomfortable. Although I had a vague idea of what I would want to learn, I didn’t have a clue where to start.

In my teaching, I copied other teacher’s ideas of teaching chords, improvising and so on, but even I wasn’t very excited about how I myself did it… so no big wins there at all! I wasn’t confident in it at all. I was constantly looking for new ways to learn how to make my teaching fun, and to learn to improvise better myself, and that’s how I finally came across MU, through one of my piano teachers’ online communities.

I took the musicality test, and it seemed like just the thing I had been looking for.

That’s wonderful! What have you learned so far?

So far I’ve learned a lot about how to listen, analyze and treat the harmonies in improvisation and how to use rhythm in varying the mood and character of my music. I’m currently working on improving my improvisation skills and broadening my knowledge of playing in different genres, and find the tools provided in MU extreme useful. I am already much more confident and feel like I actually know what I’m doing and why when I improvise, and I have really only just started!

I never thought the answer to my struggles was actually in ear training – or the lack of it.

So many musicians today are in the same boat – we look around at our fellow musicians and compare ourselves to them, asking, “What’s missing?” So many times, we chalk it up to “talent” – when it’s really a set of well-defined and learnable skills that will give us that “natural” musical facility.

What experiences – and surprises – have stood out during your Musical U journey?

I love having the community of musicians to learn with, and the fact that I can ask silly questions without being laughed at 🙂 and actually get help. I’ve been introduced to bands and musicians I’ve never heard of before, and listening to their styles of playing have taught me a lot too.

I feel like I’m filling in the blanks that have been lurking behind my back all these years, eating away my confidence. I have found ways to start learning exactly the skills I’ve been lacking with my own playing, and the understanding of how music is made with the underlying relations of harmonies that move the music in certain directions.

Fantastic, VeeraL! Where do you see this all going? What else is Musical U doing to help?

For a long time, I’ve been wanting to make my own music and to arrange songs to be used at church and with my students. I just haven’t had the tools to do that, but with what I’ve learned in MU, that dream has actually started to seem like something I could achieve one day, and probably quite soon!

VeeraL starts recognizing chords by ear all the time

The planning tools provided have been very useful, and having a set of smaller goals on my way to achieving my ultimate big dream has proven to be a great motivating force to keep going. Keeping a progress journal is proof for me that I am actually improving, and shows me the path I’ve had to take to get to my destination.

I find it priceless to have the support of some very experienced musicians to guide me – that is something I’ve yearned to have for a very long time. I love hanging out with like-minded people, and MU is full of those wonderful and crazy musicians who never tire of talking about music – I love it!

Thank you so much, VeeraL! It’s very satisfying to see members such as yourself pick up the ball – and run with it! Please keep us posted on your progress, and we look forward to hearing your original music – some day soon 😉

VeeraL is living proof of what you can do when you open your mind to learning and growing. And life-long learners know the secret: once you do so, while the hunger is insatiable, the learning just “tastes” better and better!

Are you ready to open your own mind to learning something new? Something that may very well help you along your path to freely express yourself the way you want to through music? A community and a team of dedicated musicians to guide you on the path? Follow VeeraL’s lead and give Musical U a try!

The post Musical U Member Spotlight: VeeraL appeared first on Musical U.

Transforming Education through Music, with Jimmy Rotheram

New musicality video:

Today we’re talking with Jimmy Rotheram, the man behind an incredible success story in the UK school system. http://musl.ink/pod70

Last year Feversham Primary Academy made headlines after transforming from one of the worst-performing schools in the country to well above average, in just a few short years. After being singled out for its unacceptably poor student attendance and academic results in 2010, Feversham now has 98% student attendance and is in the top 1% of schools nationwide for student progress in reading, writing and mathematics.

So why are we talking about this on the Musicality Podcast? Well, it turns out that a large part of their success is attributable to a greatly increased and improved music education programme for all students.

We were so impressed with Jimmy’s story and the results that he and his colleagues at Feversham have managed, so we were excited to have the chance to speak with him. And as you’ll learn in this interview it wasn’t just “adding music” that made the difference. It was a particular kind of music education which focuses on developing the inner musicality of each child – and which can be equally powerful for adults too.

In this conversation we talk about:

– The specific kind of music education Jimmy adopted for use at Feversham

– Why this kind of music education was initially a real struggle for Jimmy personally, given his own musical background, and why it’s the exact opposite, a fun and easy experience, for his students

– Whether it was the kind of music education or the increased amount that produced such amazing results

A couple of things we mention which we should probably explain in case you’re not familiar with the UK system: the “PGCE” qualification is the main teaching degree for UK primary and secondary schools, and “Ofsted” is the official body which evaluates schools in the UK.

This is a really interesting and inspiring story even if you don’t have a particular interest in childhood music education yourself, so whether you’re a parent, a teacher, or just a musician yourself, we know you’ll get a lot out of this one.

Listen to the episode: http://musl.ink/pod70

Links and Resources

Feversham Primary Academy: http://www.fevershamprimaryacademy.org/

Improving school results not with maths, but with music: https://www.theguardian.com/education/2017/oct/03/school-results-music-bradford

Jimmy’s YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1VVD_NVOqeYWEGSavLGX7Q/videos

British Kodály Academy: http://kodaly.org.uk/

About Solfa: http://musl.ink/pod7

Jimmy’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/musicedu4all?lang=en

Let us know what you think! Email: hello@musicalitypodcast.com

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Transforming Education through Music, with Jimmy Rotheram

Parsing Polyrhythm, Music Education Done Right, A Musical Network, Music and Your Well-being

Solo practice can be incredibly satisfying and rewarding, but there comes a time for every musician when they want to collaborate with others, show their music to the world, or branch out in another way.

Making connections is what transforms music from a solitary joy to collective entertainment – and there are countless ways to make these connections.

We look at connecting to rich rhythmic traditions through the use of polyrhythms, interview the music social network Vampr’s Head of Growth to understand how the app connects musicians, explore the social and emotional benefits of learning and playing music, and interview the man who radically improved a school’s academic results by implementing an engaging, communal music program.

Parsing Polyrhythm

It’s no secret: Western music loves 4/4 time. Particularly, genres like techno and rock ‘n’ roll worship at the altar of repetitive, predictable beats that are easy to groove to.

April 2018 newsIn other musical traditions, this rhythmic sensibility is eschewed completely, in favour of complex, layered rhythms with a unique groove and a whole lot of feeling – think traditional African drumming and very danceable Latin music.

These are called polyrhythms, and occur when two or more conflicting rhythms are played simultaneously, causing your ear to perceive them as one.

Learn how to understand, count out, and play polyrhythms with Polyrhythm for Beginners. We’ll look at some simple examples of polyrhythm, arm you with a few tools for counting them out, and give you a starting point for using them in your own music.

How exactly can you notate musical creations that contain polyrhythms? A popular tool to use for notation is Muse Score, and luckily, they have a function that makes incorporating polyrhythm into your scores a breeze.

As we learned, polyrhythm likely originated from African drumming. Learning more about the indigenous music of Africa is a great way to not only get a feel for polyrhythms, but also to increase your appreciation for a fascinating musical tradition. Check out All Around This World’s introductory lesson!

The groove of polyrhythms can feel a bit strange at times. Like it doesn’t quite make sense. So, what better way to practice your playing than with some examples inspired by the hit Netflix show “Stranger Things” put together by Ray from Revolution Harmony?

Music Education Done Right

As time goes on, more and more schools are recognizing the value of investing in a music program.

But what if rather than adding music as an afterthought, it was inserted into the curriculum as a core subject that was treated with the same seriousness as math and science?

April 2018 newsOn this week’s interview episode of the Musicality Podcast, we interview a man who created a music program that turned one underperforming school into one of the nation’s top institutions. In Transforming Education through Music, with Jimmy Rotheram, Jimmy discusses how he integrated the principles of Kodályan engaging and kinesthetic way to learn music – into a curriculum that emphasizes each child’s inner musicality and makes music class an interactive, engaging experience, and how this experience translated to the students’ improved academic performance.

Teaching primary school can be challenging, especially for music teachers. However, it’s important to find teaching solutions – there are so many great benefits to starting music lessons at this age that will impact every aspect of the child’s education! Dabbledoo Music has some excellent tips on getting past these challenges.

We all want to share our love of music with the young children in our lives, but aren’t always sure how to best approach this. The team at Solfegio has 10 tips for teaching children music to get you inspired.

Instrumental musicians and vocalists typically learn to read music in different ways. If you come from an instrumental background, you may want to take a moment to appreciate how young singers are introduced to music notation. Jen from Music Teacher Mumma gives a short lesson on the topic.

Jimmy mentioned that Kodály games are always a big hit with his students and really enhanced their understanding of the music. Incorporate some fun into your Kodály education with a song suggestion from Mrs. Miracle’s Music Room.

Another aspect to Kodály education is that hand signs are often used in lieu of written notation. Amy from Music ala Abbott shares a creative game that she uses to teach the low “La hand sign to her students. Let the games begin!

A Musical Network

So, you’ve got the chops, an incredible song repertoire, and the desire to bring your music to the masses.

But you need a drummer, or a publicist, or a producer. And you don’t know any.

April 2018 newsHow do you find a trustworthy collaborator who is on the same musical page, without spending hours and hours of time scrolling through Craigslist ads and putting up flyers?

Enter Vampr, a musical networking app that facilitates connection and collaboration through a very simple premise: create a profile with your projects and goals, swipe through potential collaborators, and immediately start a chat with users you’d be interested in working with.

Furthermore, the app’s impressive (and growing!) user base of musicians, producers, songwriters, and established industry figures gives you the opportunity to work with people you may otherwise never meet – and make your music pipe dreams a reality!

Want to learn more? Read our interview with Vampr’s Head of Growth Kevin Clobes over at Making Musical Connections, with Vampr.

Learning to play with others is an important part of becoming a well-rounded musician, and using a tool like Vampr gives you some amazing opportunities to collaborate. Gerald from the Musician’s Way knows all about what it takes to become a confident musician, and shares these four cornerstones to musical collaboration.

After you get a group of musicians together and start working through some material, it may be useful to consider how to communicate with each other during a performance. You may be surprised by how much you are able to convey without saying a word – by using non-verbal cues! Acoustic Guitar Lessons London discusses how to brush up on your musical knowledge to become a master communicator in a band setting.

Collaboration should never stop, no matter what level of success you achieve. Even after several albums, the band Leveret continues to work with other musicians. Get some insight into how the band is able to continue challenging themselves to create fantastic new music in an inspiring interview.

Music and Your Well-being

A trending area of research is the hidden benefits that music has on your body and mind – and for good reason.

In About the Non-Musical Benefits of Music, we take you through some of the ways music improves your quality of life in indirect ways – everything from improving mental health and acuity, to expanding your social network and improving your self-esteem.

April 2018 newsIf you think you’re too old to start learning music, you’ll definitely want to tune into this podcast episode – as you’ll learn, countless benefits of leading a musical life really start to pay off in later life.

Looking for even more reasons to start playing music, or more affirmation that it changes lives for the better? Natalie from Musical Advisors has compiled six reasons to learn to play an instrument. Just think: you’re not only practicing, but improving aspects of your wellbeing while doing it.

Music therapists have long explored the benefits that playing music can have on one’s mind. That’s why many recommend that people begin playing an instrument, even if they are already past retirement age. Take a look at Music Notes’ animated infographic to learn all the ways that a musical routine can deliver these benefits.

The benefits of music are not restricted to just playing – listening is hugely beneficial also! The team at Connect Hearing discusses the mental and emotional benefits to actively listening to music.

Music – the Social Way

If there’s one takeaway from all this, it’s that music is a holistic activity – one that positively affects body, mind, and community.

In this age, there is nothing to stop you from creating and sharing music, with apps like Vampr just waiting to connect you with future collaborators. Meanwhile, as music educators like Jimmy Rotheram are helping push for better music education in schools, we are seeing that music is gaining influence in our lives as people are discovering the incredible benefits it yields – especially when done as a group activity.

There are infinite ways to take your music practice from an individual hobby to an interpersonal activity involving your family, friends, and community. How will you share your music?

Online music communities are one excellent way to exchange ideas and ask questions – and even find fellow creatives to work with!

The post Parsing Polyrhythm, Music Education Done Right, A Musical Network, Music and Your Well-being appeared first on Musical U.

About the Word “Tone”

New musicality video:

What does “tone” mean in music? This multipurpose word can actually take on some very different uses depending on the context it’s mentioned in. Learn about how “tone” can refer to a note, a frequency, or an interval. http://musicalitypodcast.com/69

Links and Resources

Interview with Donna Schwartz: http://musl.ink/pod68

About Chord Tones: http://musl.ink/pod21

How Frequencies Work: https://www.musical-u.com/learn/how-frequencies-work-less-science-more-fun/

About Whole Steps and Half Steps: https://www.musical-u.com/learn/about-whole-steps-half-steps/

Let us know what you think! Email: hello@musicalitypodcast.com

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About the Word “Tone”

About the Non-Musical Benefits of Music

There’s a slew of obvious and not-so-obvious benefits of playing music. From boosting your self-esteem to improving your brain’s ability to multitask, music is the gift that keeps on giving – whether you’re a child starting piano lessons, a college student joining the school choir, or someone picking up an instrument in retirement.

Listen to the episode:

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Links and Resources

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Transcript

If you listened to our recent interview with Jimmy Rotheram of Feversham Primary Academy I’m sure that you, like me, went away feeling freshly inspired about how wonderful music can be and all the things that learning music can do for you, even beyond the core enjoyment of music learning itself.

So I wanted to use this episode to talk a bit about those benefits of learning music. Now this is well-trodden ground. If you look around you will find no shortage of scientific research and reports about the benefits of learning music – all the facts and figures about what’s enhanced, improved and extended. Everything from social confidence to reading ability to mental acuity to collaboration skills. You name it, there’s probably a study showing that learning music helps you do it better!

And as a listener to this podcast the chances are you’re already learning music, maybe you have been for years. Or perhaps you’re just considering it, and listening to this podcast is encouraging you to think you might be more musical than you’d assumed. Either way, you probably don’t need convincing that learning music is a good thing!

But maybe you’re a parent, or a teacher – and you want to help persuade your school to increase its music education provision, like Jimmy’s school has shown can be so effective. Or you want to help persuade your children, siblings, parents or friends to give music a try – and just telling them how great it will be isn’t doing the trick!

Or maybe you’re learning music yourself but the day-to-day practice is causing frustration and you could use a fresh reminder of all of the non-musical reasons to persist and get you through this temporary lull in musical enthusiasm.

Whatever the case may be, you might need a bit of ammunition to support your claims that “learning music is so beneficial”! And rather than me reeling off a list of the dozens of specific benefits music has I thought I’d pick out a few online resources that do this well and just share a few highlights to give you a taste.

So I’m going to discuss one infographic about music education for young people, one article about brain benefits of learning an instrument and a blogpost about learning music after the age of 50. I’ll put links to the full posts in the shownotes where you can find all the facts and figures in detail.

We’ll start with an epic infographic put together by the University of Florida about the many benefits of music education.

You can check the full post which we’ll link in the shownotes for all the figures and references but in short it covers everything from improved reading skills, stronger brain activity for spoken language, increased vocabulary and verbal intelligence, enhanced fine motor skills, increased self-esteem, improved attention, higher test scores in maths, English and science, higher SAT scores, higher GPA, higher likelihood of attending college and graduating.

I love that it also points out that all the evidence suggests music education could be a powerful way to help low-income students and close the achievement gap – which of course matches up well with the transformation demonstrated at Feversham Primary Academy in the UK.

And if this infographic wasn’t enough I’m also going to link to a great post from the National Association for Music Education in the US which lists 20 important benefits of music in schools.

So there’s little doubt that adding music to a child’s education has a wide array of powerful benefits. What about adults?

Playing An Instrument Reduces Stress and Depression

This one won’t be a surprise to anyone who’s come home at the end of a long day and just delighted in picking up their instrument and spending some time in music-making.

There are plenty of studies showing that playing – or even just listening to – music can have a big positive effect on mood and our ability to combat the stress of modern life.

Musical Training Strengthens The Brain’s Executive Function

Your brain relies on the “executive function” for a variety of critical tasks, including processing and retaining information, controlling behavior, making appropriate choices, problem-solving, and more.

This means that if you strengthen your executive function, you increase your ability to live productively, and research has shown that musical training improves and strengthens executive functioning in both children and adults.

So that cliché of the lazy musical artist struggling with the practicalities of daily life is nonsense. Musicians are more effective in how they interact with the world than those without musical training.

Trained Musicians Can Process Multiple Things At Once

Anyone who’s learned to play an instrument from written music will know: you need to learn to process visual information as you look at the music, auditory information as you hear the sounds you’re making, physical information as you play the instrument, and more.

This leads to superior multisensory skills, meaning the ability to process multiple sensory experiences at once.

Although the study mentioned here was specifically about sensory information I think it’s worth also noting the more general point that music helps you mentally juggle a variety of things simultaneously. For example, playing two independent parts with your two hands on piano and hearing how they relate, or staying aware of the other musical parts in a band or a choir. Even the simple act of tapping your foot to the beat while playing a rhythm requires a kind of coordinated multitasking.

Music Later in Life

The third post I wanted to share with you is one from the website sixtyandme.com about the benefits of learning a musical instrument after 50.

Now pretty much all the benefits of music we’re talking about apply throughout life. But there were a couple of points in this one specifically about the impact of music to adults later in life which I thought were interesting.

Music is a great way to make friends

This is often mentioned when talking about the benefits of music later in life, and with good reason. Isolation can be a real risk for people when they retire and leave the working world. And frankly, even for someone like myself in my 30s I’ve seen how it becomes increasingly harder to meet new people, and make new friends.

Music gives you an excuse and an avenue to meet a whole crowd of new people. By joining a choir or a ukulele group, or even just taking solo instrument lessons and connecting with the teacher’s other adult students, there are plenty of opportunities to get out, get to know your fellow musicians and form new bonds.

Of course if you’re new to music that might be intimidating – but that leads on to the other benefit I wanted to pick up on from this article.

Music builds self esteem

The article points out that learning an instrument is something you can begin doing from the comfort of your own home, making it very low pressure to get started. This was something I was really conscious of when developing our SingTrue app, for example. People who think they can’t sing are so self-conscious about the act of even trying to sing, it was essential we find a way for them to take those first steps without anyone judging them or any risk of embarrassment. If you have a friendly and supportive instrument teacher or you make a start by teaching yourself some basics with online resources you can get that same no-pressure environment to start from.

From there, each step forwards can be a real self esteem booster. We’ve seen this in MU where we have lots of older members and people coming to music for the first time in retirement. Discovering they can actually develop their ear for music after decades of thinking it was beyond them can be a huge confidence booster and open fresh optimism about what the future might hold.

One other benefit mentioned in this article is the benefit of learning music for brain health – and I’m going to link in the shownotes to a dedicated article from Age UK about the specific benefits of music on those suffering from dementia. That’s moving into the whole fascinating area of music therapy rather than simply learning music but I wanted to mention it because it is such an important part of how music education activities can be of such benefit later in life.

So that was a quick whirlwind tour of some of the non-musical benefits of music education. I hope that the next time your musical enthusiasm is at a lull, or you’re talking to someone and want some facts and figures to back up what you’re saying about how wonderful music is, this episode will point you to some resources that will help.

Enjoying the show? Please consider rating and reviewing it!

The post About the Non-Musical Benefits of Music appeared first on Musical U.

Making Musical Connections, with Vampr

Ask anyone: finding bandmates, session players, songwriters, and other musical collaborators can be a lengthy, difficult, and frustrating process.

Where do you find the good bassists? How can you meet a producer who’s on your wavelength? Is it even  possible to find a backup singer who has the right vocal range and a workable schedule?

Enter Vampr, the missing link between you and your perfect musical collaborator. Simply set up a profile with links to your work, start browsing through potential collaborators, swipe right on those you’d like to work with, and let the magic happen!

The comparisons with Tinder will be aplenty – except this app isn’t a hopeful shot in the dark at a successful match. Vampr easily allows you to specify what you’re working on, who you want to collaborate with, and what your musical goals are. It also eliminates the issue of distance, by enabling you to connect with musicians that aren’t in your immediate circle, or don’t even live in your town – making it that much easier to find the perfect musical co-conspirator.

We spoke with Kevin Clobes, Vampr’s Head of Growth, to find out more about how the app works, the incredible connections it helps its users foster, and what’s next in store for this musical social network…

Q: Greetings Kevin, and welcome to Musical U! How did you come up with the idea for the app? Who are the founders and staff at Vampr?

Co-founders Baz Palmer (lead writer and guitarist of 12x platinum band Hunters & Collectors) and Josh met back in 2011 when Baz was scouting for talent to sign to his then-indie record label. He offered Josh his first ever recording deal and break. Both of them worked together in that capacity for over two years, releasing an album that went on to have millions of streams and touring for another two years. Following the album cycle, they launched Vampr, becoming business partners and deciding to embark on that journey together.

Both Josh and Baz understood the pain of getting started in the music industry and wanted to address it with urgency.

Additionally, they have experienced the benefits a network of like-minded and influential individuals can bring to one’s artistic endeavours. It is their own personal experiences that inform the app, and their credibility in the space that gives them a genuine voice.

Q: You’re the Head of Growth at Vampr. Besides being a musician yourself, you’ve reached out to help others through the company. What do you personally see as the biggest problem faced by musicians today?

I would say there are two main and equally daunting problems faced by musicians today.

The first is the barrier to making connections. A majority of musicians out there do not know where to begin and do not know others with the experience needed to help them explore their passion.

The second issue is location. Even if a musician has said connections, a lot of the time, they live in areas where they cannot properly network or access those connections.

With Vampr, we are bridging these gaps by allowing our users to network with other musicians they would not otherwise be able to meet. We are making location and lack of connections irrelevant by immediately allowing musicians to contact those they need to right from their phone or tablet.

Q: Let me play Devil’s Advocate for a second: with today’s DAWs, musicians can conceivably do everything themselves without the hassle of finding other musicians to play on their tracks. So why collaborate?

There will never be a technological solution to the creative process.

Even with those producing strictly in a DAW, we often find that we cannot get those drums sounding just right or are having trouble composing a bassline. Collaborating will always be beneficial in these situations because it adds another creative influence to the project.

Generally speaking, a collaborator may bring a whole different outlook or perspective to your project that you might not have conceived on your own. In addition, your collaborator might just have the connection you are lacking to get your music or project off the ground, and into the right hands.

Also let’s not forget, the days of being in a band are not over, and often, people are still looking for other drummers, singers, guitarists, and other instrumentalists.

I would also suggest that as the DIY musician transitions from the bedroom to the wider community (i.e., by playing shows and getting exposure on local radio), they will need support from roles such as publicist, graphic designer, manager, roadie, and so on. And that’s where Vampr can be your musical companion right through your career.

Q: Fantastic. Can you tell us how exactly Vampr solves the problem of finding musical collaborators?

Vampr allows the user to search for the exact person they are looking for in the exact area they are looking in.

Let’s say you are visiting Orlando, Florida for a gig and need a bass player to perform with there. You can simply input that you are looking for a bass player in Orlando and you can start swiping through results immediately. If you are looking for a videographer for your next music video in Los Angeles, plug in those details and connect with one straight away. The possibilities are endless when searching in Vampr.

With technology constantly advancing, you no longer need to be in the same location in order to collaborate with others. These days, everything can be done over the computer. Vampr is a place where musicians can establish those connections and start the conversation of possibly working together.

Also, instead of having to go to networking functions and live events to find others (which can be costly and time consuming), it can all be done with a few clicks – or swipes – on your phone or device.

 

Q: Many musicians end up finding collaborators by happy accident, or through Facebook, or even from a flyer on the street. Why is Vampr so effective, as opposed to, say, just poking around Craigslist or social media?

Vampr is significantly more efficient. Rather than scrolling through endless lists and wishing on a star that what you are looking for will have made or responded to a post, you can now narrow it down so you are only looking through options for what you need.

Our solution has been changing lives daily and we are confident we’ve honed in on the right approach to connecting this wildly fragmented ecosystem!

Q: So the app bridges gaps by providing a fantastic online ecosystem that brings together people of similar mindsets!

You spoke of forging connections through the app. Taking it one step further, can Vampr really help one break into the music industry? How?

Yes, absolutely.

Our user base includes numerous Grammy Award-winning songwriters and producers, established A&Rs, and record label executives. With our list of established industry figures growing by the day, one’s chance of connecting with someone of this ilk increases.

”We have seen people form bands, get placed on the radio and release songs on major platforms together as a result of Vampr.”

In fact, our CEO and co-founder Josh Simons recently took a shot in the dark and hopped on Vampr in hopes of advancing his songwriting career, which he is pursuing on the side of developing the app. He ended up connecting with Grammy Award-winning producer Anthony Kilhoffer of the G.O.O.D. Music camp, and subsequently producing a record called “I’m Fine” by Cyhi The Prynce feat. Travis Scott – a record that was also executive produced by Kanye West! Vampr made all of this possible.

Our new website will highlight similar stories from our user base, and we can’t wait to share it with the world.

Q: Tell us about some of the collaborations which have taken place between your users thus far. How have their lives and careers been changed?

We have seen collaborations happen all over the world as a result of Vampr. From Philadelphia to Barcelona, we have seen people form bands, get placed on the radio and release songs on major platforms together as a result of Vampr.

Every week, we post about new Vampr collaborations on our Instagram account @vamprapp, and our new website will dig into this further.

Q: Amazing! In addition to collaborating with others, what else can you do with the app?

The app is also tailored towards music lovers. If you are simply looking to find some refreshing new music to listen to, the app acts as a music discovery tool. There are tons of fresh new artists on Vampr that are waiting to be discovered and our algorithm will suggest new artists based on your existing musical taste. Record labels, managers, and publicists can use this function to find the most relevant upcoming artists. We will be expanding on this in 2018 however it’s incredibly exciting what you can derive in data when you have a user base as large and engaged as Vampr.

Q: To give our readers an idea, on how large of a scale has Vampr helped foster connections? Where do you see this going in the future?

We have just surpassed one million connections!

Think about that for a moment. In many of these cases, lives have been changed forever and the seeds of future mini-economies may well have been planted.

That can sound hyperbolic but when you look at the worth of a single valuable connection… take John and Paul for example. Their union went on to create over $50 billion in revenue for industries well past music – film, gaming, etc. It’s profound. We are excited to continue to dig into ways we can help connect this ecosystem and create value for all participants involved.

When a single solid connection is formed, all members of the industry benefit.

Q: That’s a pretty incredible thought – if John and Paul met without such a powerful networking tool, we can’t wait to see what other musical matches made in heaven result from Vampr.

Kevin, thanks so much for speaking with me today, and we look forward to trying out the app for ourselves!

Playing Together

Though networking events can be stressful and nerve-wracking, they can work wonders for your career if you play your cards right.

With Vampr, us musicians can enjoy the same benefits – though thankfully, without any of the dress shirts, bad wine, or awkward small talk – in one user-friendly app.

Start expanding your musical network by downloading Vampr on iOS or GooglePlay. With an interface that connects you with musicians with relevant skills and interests, you don’t have to spend time shooting in the dark – you’ll already know whether your musical sensibilities align with those of potential collaborators just by looking at their profile. Best of all, as Kevin illustrated above, you never know who you’ll end up working with – they may be just what you need to take your music project to the stratosphere.

Lastly, be sure to check out their blog – with such a rapidly-expanding music network and exciting things in the works, this is one company to watch. And you won’t want to miss a beat.

The creative alchemy that occurs when you find a great collaborator brings a whole new dimension to your music making. How did you meet your bandmate, co-writer, producer, or backing vocalist?

The post Making Musical Connections, with Vampr appeared first on Musical U.

Transforming Education through Music, with Jimmy Rotheram

Today we’re talking with Jimmy Rotheram, the man behind an incredible success story in the UK school system. Last year Feversham Primary Academy made headlines after transforming from one of the worst-performing schools in the country to well above average, in just a few short years. After being singled out for its unacceptably poor student attendance and academic results in 2010, Feversham now has 98% student attendance and is in the top 1% of schools nationwide for student progress in reading, writing and mathematics.

So why are we talking about this on the Musicality Podcast? Well, it turns out that a large part of their success is attributable to a greatly increased and improved music education programme for all students.

We were so impressed with Jimmy’s story and the results that he and his colleagues at Feversham have managed, so we were excited to have the chance to speak with him. And as you’ll learn in this interview it wasn’t just “adding music” that made the difference. It was a particular kind of music education which focuses on developing the inner musicality of each child – and which can be equally powerful for adults too.

In this conversation we talk about:

  • The specific kind of music education Jimmy adopted for use at Feversham
  • Why this kind of music education was initially a real struggle for Jimmy personally, given his own musical background, and why it’s the exact opposite, a fun and easy experience, for his students
  • Whether it was the kind of music education or the increased amount that produced such amazing results

A couple of things we mention which we should probably explain in case you’re not familiar with the UK system: the “PGCE” qualification is the main teaching degree for UK primary and secondary schools, and “Ofsted” is the official body which evaluates schools in the UK.

This is a really interesting and inspiring story even if you don’t have a particular interest in childhood music education yourself, so whether you’re a parent, a teacher, or just a musician yourself, we know you’ll get a lot out of this one.

Listen to the episode:

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Transcript

Christopher: Welcome to the show Jimmy, thank you for joining us today.

Jimmy: Thanks for having me, you’re very welcome.

Christopher: So you have a phenomenal story of success with Feversham and I’m keen to hear all about that, but before we dive in, I would love to know about your own musical story, and what your own music education was like.

Jimmy: Well yeah, my upbringing was we had a piano in our house, which was just brilliant. My parents weren’t musical but as soon as I could reach the keys I started playing on it, and started picking out little tunes on it. Luckily I had parents who could support me, you know, we weren’t a particularly well off family but my parents kind of prioritized me learning music. So my mum used to walk me three or four miles every week to my piano lessons. I was lucky to have piano lessons all my life growing up, and it was quite interesting. So when I came to go to university my reading skills were very poor. I was very learning classical music and very bad at reading, so it was quite hard work a lot of the time. And then I discovered Jazz, and I’ve always been able play by ear, so that kind of opened up a new world for me. It was a little bit late for my university choices.

I went to study English at Lancaster University, I finished my degree and I didn’t really want to work in journalism or sales, so I had a kind of epiphany when I was sat in the middle of a field meditating, and sort of suddenly realized that I had to devote the rest of my to music. So I went to Leeds Music College, learnt Jazz and music production there, and never looked back from there really, it’s the best decision I ever made.

I managed to find a lot of professional work, despite not being able to read music well because I had the skills in being able to listen to pieces and play them straight away, and then transpose them into whatever key, so that’s sort of where my skills lay. I have managed to get sort of quite a lot of work doing that, and then I got into teaching and was teaching secondary. I was thrown straight into a tough school, with a lot of behavior problems, it was probably one of the hardest places where you could go to work as a teacher. So that was eye opening, quite interesting work.
Then I had a job teaching music A’ Level for a couple of years which was great, but then when the cuts started to come in, I started to get more and more demands, can you do this Btec course, can you do that Btec course, can you do this maternity cover but we can’t offer you any more hours to do it, sort of thing. And I ended up doing 70 hour weeks, every week, and was getting paid for three days, so I thought, “Right I’ve had enough of this, I’m going to quit.” They were offering some voluntary redundancies so I kind of bit their hand off and thought, “Right I’m never going to teach again.”

Went to try and be a professional musician and if it was the weekend all the time I would have done okay, but it’s quite hard earning a living and not knowing where your next bit of money is coming from. So I started doing a bit of supply teaching, just to get a regular steady income. Started working in primary schools and absolutely loved it. The children were so enthusiastic and an absolute joy to teach, but obviously I didn’t really know what I was doing with teaching kids that age, because I had come from teaching 18 year olds who’d been learning music most of their life, to teaching 5 and 6 years who were brand new to it.

That’s a really common problem, because music teachers are generally trained to teach secondary school, and primary school teachers are not trained to teach music. So we’ve got this situation where nobody is actually trained to teach primary music or specialist courses and things. But on the PGCE system, which is the main route into teaching for most teachers in the UK, there’s not really any qualifications which enable people to work in primary schools as a music specialist. So that’s something we’re very much looking to promote.

I landed at Feversham, and as I say didn’t know an awful lot but was able to get some professional training in the Kodály approach, which is what we use. You start to see results very quickly. When I started at Feversham they hadn’t had any music at all, so it was quite exciting to have a blank canvas to work with, but it was also quite a challenge because you had two or three kids in each class who were able to sing in tune, and keep a steady rhythm and pulse.
I think in a lot of schools they would be told, “You’re the kids who are good at music, you can do these after school clubs, you can do all the things.” And I’ve always been very against that, I’ve always believed that everybody’s musical and if you nurture it in the right way, everyone can have musical literacy. It’s a system where you start with so and mi, so you start with the really easy, “Duh, Duh, Du, Du, Duh, Du, Du, Du, Du, Du, Du, Duh.” Songs. And that’s an interval which imitates natural speech patterns, so when your mums calling you she will say, “Jimmy, dinners ready.” And you hear it a lot in natural speech. So that’s an interval that everybody can sing in tune.

What you do is build up from there, so you go from those to notes, “So and Mi.” And you add, “La.” So you get, “Duh, du, du, duh, duh, du, du, du, du, duh.” It becomes playground chant, and they you add mi, do, re to that. So you go, “So, mi, so, so, mi, so, la, so, mi. Mi, re, do.” And you build that up over years. And you build the rhythms up slowly over years as well. So that the very secure children can do everything with those, although they’re only sort of doing two intervals in the first year, they can do everything with those two intervals, and when you add the next one they can do everything with that.

So by the time you’ve been teaching them for five, six years, everyone is musically literate, everyone can read well, they can sing well, they can listen to melodies and transpose them. They can actually listen to melodies and write them down better than my A’ Level students could. It’s really striking and really effective methodology for primary schools, but sadly it’s virtually unheard of, even among music teachers, it’s not very well known. So we’re hoping the more people hear about it because of our success.

Christopher: Well there was a ton there that’d like to unpack and dig into to. It’s a fantastic journey and obviously we know the results have really shown the value of that teaching approach. You said that you were someone who could always play by ear. Was that something that featured in your piano learning as you grew up, or did you learn to do it, or was it just something that you did instinctively?

Jimmy: As I remember it, it was something that I did fairly instinctively. So I was quite lucky in that respect, and I think because I nurtured it from an early age, it was something I’ve always been able to do. But I found interesting when I moved into teaching was that quite often the things that you can do well as a musician, you don’t necessarily understand how you can do them, and how you can teach other people. What I found actually in my teaching was that I was better at teaching the things I wasn’t very good at, like the sight reading and things. Because I had to think more carefully about what those first steps were. Whereas with playing by ear it was something I’ve always just done, and it’s hard to teach because I don’t understand how I did it necessarily.

The Kodály approach by naming every note using, do, re, mi, fa, so, la, ti, do, it’s really effective in developing that ear for music. So it’s a really good system where I can teach people to do what I can do, but I think before I learned that methodology I wouldn’t of been necessarily brilliant at teaching it.

Christopher: That’s really interesting, and you didn’t find it clashed in your head when you were first learning the Kodály approach?

Jimmy: Completely yeah. No it was yeah, it was really difficult for me because just really silly things like if you’re singing in a major key you’ll go, do, re, mi, fa, so, la, ti, do. If you’re singing in a minor key you will start on la, so you will go, la, ti, do, re, mi, fa, so. What you actually find is we’re so kind of programmed to thinking of do as one, that as soon as I move into a minor key I think … so instead of la, I’d be calling it do, and it’s actually quite difficult I think if you’ve already learned another way to then kind of transpose this new way of thinking onto your understanding. It’s … I’ve completely forgotten what I’m talking about now.

Christopher: That’s alright. So apart from those names clashing, did you find the kind of system of recognizing the notes, and their role in the scale, was a good match for how you were instinctively doing things?

Jimmy: Definitely yeah. It was kind of putting names to what I was doing in my head. And I like I say enabling me to actually teach it, and have a system for teaching what I could kind of instinctively do.

Christopher: Gotcha. So you said something that really resonated with me, which was teaching music to young kids is strikingly different to teaching say teenagers. How much is that purely a function of age, and the fact that a 3 year old doesn’t have the same attention span as a 13 year old, and how much is about the music education itself and what they’re ready for, would you say?

Jimmy: If you look at babies, babies have an incredible sense of pitch, it’s a bit like the swimming analogy. If you throw a baby into a swimming pool … don’t. I hope listeners won’t do that after listening to me, and definitely don’t do it with someone else’s baby. But if you throw a baby into water they will swim. And if you keep them swimming they don’t really need to learn how to swim, they just do it instinctively. And it’s very much the same with music.

Children are born with incredible pitch perceptions, they need to have it to survive, so they need to be able to recognize their mothers voice over predators. And they need to have really good tone and pitch distinctions to recognize that mothers voice, above everything else. They have an incredible ear, some people think that babies have perfect pitch and that they lose it as they get older. But what you do find is, if you do start nurturing at that really early age, and I noticed this when I started teaching the three year olds in nursery. Apparently there is a golden window of opportunity for singing in tune is age three to six. And it’s also before the age of seven that you see the biggest neuro scientific benefits. So in terms of brain development, the magic number is before the age of seven, so you see a huge difference if you start before the age of seven. For example, my year sixes now can’t sing in tune, anything like as well as my year fives, even though they’ve had exactly the same program. And I think it’s just because they started a year later. They started after the age of seven, so I think that really is a magic number.

Sadly though even in primary school that do music, they often don’t do music in early years, which is to anyone who’s in early years is mind boggling. Who wouldn’t sing to children, they get so much out of it. I think that is where music is needed the most and where it’s has the biggest effect.

Christopher: And so you adopted the Kodály approach even though you weren’t someone had been raised in Hungary, and you weren’t someone who felt like they needed to be taught how to play by ear, or transpose, or transcribe. What was it that drew you to it, and what was the learning experience like for you, adopting Kodály?

Jimmy: It was very much the issue of children not being able to sing in tune, so I looked into methodologies. I’ve always been attracted by methodologies which are inclusive of everybody, and believe that everybody is a musician. So that really appealed to me but also it gave me some practical steps to teach singing in tune in a way I could build in. Once I started doing that I started really seeing the results. So yes, everyone can sing, “Duh, Duh, Du, Du, Duh.” In tune. And I could build it up from there.

So you start doing it and it works absolutely brilliantly. And then I think the tendency is to just go really quick with it, so you end up doing really, really complicated things with children too early, and you realize the kids aren’t very secure with it, so you have to go back. So my teaching has definitely slowed down over the past few years, and I’m much more slow and steady, than trying to rush through to the next thing. I’m more about making sure everything is really secure.

It’s … the games are great fun. The games are things you can just start. The Kodály approach is all about music always being a joy and never a torture, in Kodály’s words. There’s a lot of games, and a lot of fun, and children actually learn things quite often unconsciously without actually realizing that they’re learning, they’re just playing a game from their point of view. And that’s really appealing and that’s also something you can do straight away. Even you don’t really understand the methodology fully. You can start pulling the games into your own teaching. So that’s a really easy kind of route in. Then you realize how well the children are learning, the skills in the games. And then that’s when you start to think more about the sequence and how you’re going to prepare children for the next step of the journey, and how you’re going to reinforce those elements they’ve already done.

So it’s definitely got more scientific as I’ve learnt but it’s still very much a process of learning for me. I’ve only been doing it for four years, I’m learning from people who’ve been doing it for 40 years, real experts in it. I think that whilst the experts will probably have more children capable of doing the things they teach them, you notice a huge result just by doing the Kodály approach in terms of miles more children being musical and having that level of musical literacy.

Christopher: Terrific, and you mentioned games there, could you give an example, or maybe describe what one of these classes looks like if it’s not the traditional every kid has a glockenspiel, play these notes that are written on the page kind of class.

Jimmy: Yeah, what I can do, which might be really good for you, is send you some videos.

Christopher: Perfect, we can put those in the show notes for people to watch.

Jimmy: So just to explain it. You will learn musical principles through the game that you’re playing. So an early song that children do is, “See-saw, up and down.” And they’ll move their arms up and down in pairs to the music like a see-saw. It’s just a really simple thing, but very early on it gives them a sense of high note and a low note, and sort of build it up from there. A more advanced version of similar game is a game called High Low Chicka Low. I’ll send you a video of it, because it’s probably quite difficult to explain but you kind of … how would I explain it? So you … the song goes, “High low chicka low, chicka low, chicka low. High low chicka low, chicha low, high.” When you sing a high note you high five your partner high up in the air. You high five below your hand for the low note, and then you hit your hands together for the chicka.

Christopher: We’ll put a link to the video in the show notes. But I think that gives people a sense, and I guess obviously there you’re starting to prepare them for the idea of hand signs and that physical sense of where notes in live in the scale.

Jimmy: Yeah absolutely, yeah. And the hand signs are really effective in giving kinesthetic information to the pitch information that they’re doing. So sometimes a child won’t get a pitch, but as soon as you start doing the hand signs they will get that interval, so they are really effective with children.

Christopher: That’s really interesting. So over the last several years at Feversham you’ve introduced this quite different way of teaching music, and you said they didn’t really have any music before. You’ve also really ramped up the amount of music teaching each child receives, is that right?

Jimmy: Yeah. So as a basic entitlement they get … it’s difficult to put an exact number because some teachers do more music in class away from the music lessons than others, but I would say on average each student is getting a minimum of two and a half hours a week. And then they opt in for the all the after school clubs, and the choirs at lunch times, and things like that then some children are actually doing seven hours of every week, with me. And they’re just absolutely flying as you can imagine, they’re doing brilliantly.

Christopher: Fantastic, and the results you’ve been getting in terms of academic achievement, and attendance, and pupil satisfaction and enjoyment, and parenting engagement, would you say that is primarily down to just increasing the amount of the music, or do you think it’s also related to the methodology, and the more kind of game like joy focused approach to music learning?

Jimmy: I think it’s both. The games provide a lot of fun but they also develop … they’re designed to develop self esteem and confidence in children as well, which is a really big factor, and I think that has a knock on effect in all subjects.

If you look at neuroscientists such as Dr. Anita Collins in Australia, she does a fantastic Ted Talk where she talks about all the neuro scientific benefits for children. I think once you learn about those it’s almost cruel not to give that children really in schools. There’s a huge body of evidence, with study, after study, after study, showing that music provides … how can I put it? It provides the neurological basis for you to study all other subjects, it gets the parts of your brain communicating with each other which should in theory make problem solving in maths, and english, and things like that a much easier process.

There’s also quite a lot of evidence that learning language through singing is really effective. Most of the children in our school don’t speak English at home, 98% of children speak English as a second language, so I think for them you really see the language developing through learning to sing. And then parents see how much the children are blossoming and are just really supportive of it.

Christopher: Fantastic. So you touched on something there which I think is another really interesting aspect of the Feversham story and it’s something that maybe our international listeners who don’t know the UK school system that well would be surprised by, which is the cultural and racial make up of Feversham. And that naturally has a huge impact on how you teach music, I suppose, and particular with one of the tenets of the Kodály philosophy being to use the kind of folk music of the country as the basis of teaching. How have you tackled that?

Jimmy: So our makeup at Feversham is 98% muslim, Pakistani children. So there’s a lot of myths about that community that they’re somehow against music, and that music is Haram and forbidden in their culture, which isn’t true at all. There is a very, very tiny minority of muslims who are saying that with very loud voices, but actually the vast majority of muslims are quite happy with music program in schools, obviously providing that it’s not … I think where it gets difficult is if you’re doing songs about Jesus, and how wonderful Jesus is, or certain pop songs that have sexual content. But I suppose they’re kind of worries for a lot parents who aren’t muslims and I think that once they realize that you’re … what a good program of music you’re giving them they’re broadly supportive or it.

Also we … I think there wasn’t the culture of going to concerts and things like that, so when we first starting doing concerts we’d have two parents and they’d be on the phone the entire concert. They wouldn’t even clap when the children finished a performance because there just wasn’t the culture of knowing of what to do. We sort of tackled that by getting some very well renowned muslim musicians to come into to school to show the children that you can be a muslim and you can be a musician. You can be a very devoted muslim and music can be part of that, so we had Ahmad Hussain come in and he’s had millions, and millions of YouTube hit with his nasheeds which are sort of muslim worship songs, but there’s kind of a pop nasheed industry now. He’s doing very well in that field. He came in, we had an absolute sell out concert and ever since then parents have come to concerts and been really enthusiastic about what the children are doing.

So in terms of the Kodály I think times are very different now to when Kodály was putting his program together, and I think one huge difference is the multiculturalism. So for Kodály it was about exploring native folk songs and so in Hungary lots of Hungarian folk songs, and reestablishing that sense of Hungarian identify, because I think Hungary had obviously under Nazi occupation and then later it became a Soviet state. So I think the idea of Hungarian nationalism was very important, whereas if you start shouting too loudly about British nationalism people will sort of really get the wrong idea.

But we see it as … the majority of the songs we use are British folk songs because that’s the language that the children are learning so the vast majority are, but we do include quite a lot of Muslim nasheeds and things in the program as well, so there’s some variety. We also have a lot of African children and Eastern European children, so we do try and find a balanced program of music that we do, which reflects the community as a whole.

Christopher: Very cool. And over the last several years, apart from these big headline results in terms of academic achievement, are there any stand out examples, or maybe children who you’ve seen really benefit from this, where the traditional lack of music education in the UK school might have left them stranded?

Jimmy: I’m horrified to think what would happen to some of these children if they’d never had the music that they’ve been given here. So there is a little boy, Adyan, in year one, he has some fairly complex learning difficulties which actually result in him not speaking to anybody. Or when he first started he wouldn’t speak to anyone, wouldn’t communicate. You could give him instructions and you weren’t even sure if he’d actually heard them or not and he wouldn’t really speak to anybody.

But then what we found was he loved singing, and would just sing, sing, sing. We very quickly started teaching him through language and vocabulary through song, and once you’ve got him singing you can’t stop him. He will sing verse, after verse, after verse, of songs. We realized that all the time he was kind of running around and didn’t seem to be listening he was taking in all these songs and learning them. And mum had very enthusiastically jumped on this as a way of developing his language, but also showing him off to relatives in Pakistan on Twitter, showing what he can do. He will communicate … he will respond to musical signals, so if you go, “Do, doo.” He will stand up, he you go, “Do, doo.” he will sit down. He will … if you start singing the tidying up song he will start tidying up, he will tidy up and while he’s still singing the song he will go and queue up at the door, ready for the next lesson. Just seeing that profound effect that music’s had on him.

And this isn’t using complicated Hungarian pedagogy, this is simply just singing to a boy, it’s not rocket science. And there’s at least one person in every school who can do that. But I’ve worked in autistic schools and the children have had no music whatsoever, and I think it’s … when you see the huge difference it’s making to his life it’s a no brainer, every child should be having that kind of opportunity to learn and develop.

Christopher: Absolutely. So what’s holding us back as a country in terms of music education? I’m sure the same question applies in a lot of countries.

Jimmy: One thing is not taking it seriously, music is seen like the cherry on the cake, if you get everything else sorted out maybe you will have a bit of time to a bit of music, and because they’re only kids it doesn’t really matter if it’s not high quality, you know. That’s very much the mentality, you know, that it’s something they can learn at secondary school. What we’d like to see is a huge shift towards realizing the vital importance of music in a primary school setting. So we’re very much pushing for primary music PGCE specialisms so that teachers are trained to teach music to children this age, which very few people are.

We’re also looking … the thing is lots of headteachers will say we don’t really have the time or the resources but it’s a matter of prioritizing it. And as long as Ofsted are only recognizing english and maths results in schools, there’s very little incentive for teachers to do much of anything … for headteachers too much of anything else. And you can give them all the neuroscience arguments and almost convince them that it will improve the results but it’s still a big step for them. I think what would really help is if Ofsted actually recognized music in primary schools to the point where you cannot get an outstanding in a school unless your music and creative arts provision is also outstanding.

So we’re trying to come up with a system that isn’t too intimidating for schools, that’s fairly simple for schools to use, but which recognizes music and creativity as core subjects basically, as vitally important core subjects. Because I think they are, I mean I think you can get the results through drilling maths and english, but you end with children who aren’t particularly enjoying their education. Whereas we’re very much about developing the whole child, so developing their confidence, and not just their abilities but their abilities as a human being, that’s going to be going into a brave new world that’s very different to what we went into when we left primary school.

Christopher: So Jimmy, you managed to cram all this extra music time into the curriculum, as it were, at Feversham. How did your head teacher feel about that, how were you able to make such a big change?

Jimmy: It’s impossible really to bring about the sort of changes we did without the support of your head teacher, and I was very lucky. One of the things that attracted me to stay at Feversham when I came on supply was that Naveed, the head teacher, he wanted a music specialist in the school, he wanted somebody who could teach music across the age range and he’s very much coming at it from a – his Masters was in Comparative Religions, so he’s very interested in the sort of spiritual side of life and he believes that music is one of the few things left that actually give you that transcendental experience of taking you away from your everyday life, and the meditative mental health qualities that music brings.

He was very keen for that to be going on in the school. And when I started talking to him about the potential brain development elements of studying music as well he was very keen, and the more I presented him with information and studies, the more excited he was to do more and more music in the school. And I’m very lucky that he’s said yes to everything I’ve asked for.

But what’s been very eye-opening is that people think because we’re an “academy” we have this magic money tree and we’ve got all this funding. We do get quite a lot of funding because we’re in one of the fourth poorest districts in the country, so we do get a lot of “Pupil Premium” money, which is what schools get to support children in poverty, but what’s interesting is that if you start looking into it, usually schools with more Pupil Premium money for the poorest students are the ones doing the least music. And we have exactly the same funding model as all the other local schools, and quite a lot of the other local schools are saying we can’t afford to do music, we can’t afford to have a music specialist, we can only do 20 minutes a week, we don’t have time for anything else. We’ve got exactly the same funding model as them so like I was saying before, it’s a matter of “Is it a priority for your school?”, which again leads us back to Ofsted and if Ofsted don’t take it seriously we can’t expect anyone else to unfortunately.

Christopher: Well it’s fantastic that you had such support from your head teacher, and it’s clear that the results have really paid off the more music you’ve been doing.

Jimmy: Yeah, just hope other schools will follow suit. Because as you mentioned, it’s not just about the academic results and the academic improvement, but about developing the whole child and developing self-esteem and their confidence and their ability to share and work with other children. There are so many benefits to it, which a skilled music teacher at this age can bring out, even if they’ve only got half an hour a week with the kids, you can really start to bring those things out. And it’s just tragic really that more schools aren’t doing what we’re doing.

Christopher: Well I think definitely one of the things that’s most inspiring about the Feversham case is … I think anyone listening to this podcast believes in music education for the sake of music education, and music in education because music is so wonderful. But I think you’ve really demonstrated that it’s not the cherry on the cake, it is something that doesn’t distract from the core subjects, in fact in contributes-

Jimmy: It is the cake-

Christopher: It is the cake.

Jimmy: It is the cake tin. It’s the cake tin, I think. You can look a little bit funny and misshapen without it I think.

Christopher: I think that’s a wonderful visual to leave people with. Jimmy it’s been so wonderful talking to you and hearing this very inspiring and I think just impactful story you’ve created at Feversham. We’ll put some links in the show notes for people who want to learn more about the work you’ve been doing, we’ll definitely have links to those videos you mentioned. Maybe some next steps people can take if they want to see more of this kind of music education in their own schools.

Jimmy: Sure. There is the British Kodály Academy who have done all my training and that’s been absolute gold dust. You can go away on a course for three or four days and come back with loads of stuff you can do in the classroom if you’re a teacher. If you’re … quite a lot of musicians on the courses who aren’t necessarily teachers as well and they quite often really benefit from the musician ship, courses that the BKA offer. Yeah there are quite a lot of opportunities out there to learn more about it. People can follow me on Twitter and Facebook, and I’m kind of always banging on about it all on there.

Christopher: Perfect, well we will have links to all of those in the show notes. Thank you very much again Jimmy for joining us today.

Jimmy: You’re very welcome Chris thanks for having me, cheers, thank you.

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Polyrhythms for Beginners

In Western music, you’ll most often see music written in pretty straightforward time signatures, such as 4/4, 3/4, 6/8, or 2/2. This is especially prevalent in genres such as blues, rock, pop, folk, and country.

All these styles are typically built on common rhythms that are made up of quarter notes, 8th notes, 16th notes, and so on.

Things get more interesting as you look at genres such as jazz and metal, and especially at music from Africa and India. This music often has rhythms that are much more elaborate, incorporating polyrhythms and syncopation for more complex (and in some cases, very danceable!) drum beats.

So how do we play, write, and internalize these rhythms?

In this guide to polyrhythms for beginners, we’ll introduce you to the concept of polyrhythms, provide you with examples of this rhythmic complexity, and share some techniques for counting and feeling polyrhythms.

By the end of this article, you’ll understand what makes a polyrhythm, how to count them, and how you can practice them on your instrument. You’ll also be able to clap out the two most common polyrhythms, and recognize them in music. And best of all, you’ll have gotten a taste of the endless possibilities that polyrhythms can give music – and will be equipped with ideas of how you can apply this new knowledge to your own songwriting.

Table of Contents

1. What is a polyrhythm?
2. Where are polyrhythms used?
3. How do we define a polyrhythm?
4. How to Count a Polyrhythm
5. How to Practice Polyrhythms
6. Beyond the Basics

What is a polyrhythm?

Simply put, a polyrhythm consists of layers of simpler rhythms. More than one type of rhythm is played at the same time, with each rhythm containing a different beat subdivision.

The rhythmic tension and release found in polyrhythms makes them danceable, aurally interesting, and more expressive than your typical four-on-the-floor rhythm.

In Western music, the typical rhythm has a marked emphasis on beat one, and every other beat in the bar is considered a secondary beat. When rhythms are layered one atop the other, the pattern of emphasis shifts in different ways, giving polyrhythms a distinct feel – these rhythms have more “fill” and are often more complex than those found in traditional Western music.

Take a listen to Mongo Santamaria’s rendition of “Afro Blue”:

Once you tune your ears to polyrhythms, you’ll notice that it’s possible to count the meter differently for different instruments – the multiple percussion instruments overlap and interweave beautifully to form a complex, cohesive rhythm.

That rhythm you hear right at the beginning of the song is a polyrhythm in itself, and probably sounds quite familiar, as a lot of Afro-cuban music makes use of a polyrhythmic djembe beat to form the backbone of the song. Think about this: when’s the last time you heard a straightforward 4/4 rhythm played on African drums?

Let’s look at some other genres that make use of these intricate rhythmic patterns.

When and where are polyrhythms used?

Presently, you’ll find these intricate rhythms in Indian music, Afro-Cuban music, jazz, hip hop, metal, and even some popular music. However, these rhythms can be traced back to a point of origin…

African Origins

Most polyrhythms that we hear today originated in the musical traditions of Africa, with highly danceable rhythms played on traditional percussion instruments. The organic, complex rhythms served an important social purpose in African culture: they are a musical symbol of the rich relationships between individuals that combine to build the cohesive cultural expression of a community.

Polyrhythms provide a perfect way to musically tell stories on many levels – a rhythmic tradition that has continued and evolved in subsequent styles of African and African-American music.

Watch famed African drummer Babatunde Olatunji demonstrate the Liberian Fanga rhythm:

Note the rhythmic complexity – there is a polyrhythm both within the main djembe rhythm, and between all the instruments being played.

The importance of this rhythmic sensibility can’t be overstated. In fact, the influence of African polyrhythmic drumming has even extended into the present-day dancefloor! Okay Africa details how today’s club music owes its dues to African drumming traditions in a fascinating interview with filmmaker Crudo Volta.

Polyrhythm in Jazz

Jazz was one of the first Western music traditions to embrace polyrhythms, taking cues from African drumming and singing traditions and blending it with Western music sensibilities.

Listen to Avishai Cohen’s “Pinzin Kinzin”, taking note of how the piano, bass, and drums play off of each other to achieve a robust overall rhythm:

If you’re a jazz musician itching to get the basics of polyrhythm down, LearnJazzStandards has excellent beginner exercises with 3:2 polyrhythms for you to sink your teeth into.

Polyrhythm in Rock and Metal

As rock ‘n’ roll spawned genres such as industrial, progressive rock, and experimental/art rock, there arose a tendency to play with rhythm and time signatures. As a result, a great number of artists have experimented with writing music with complex fills, unusual rhythmic patterns, and multiple simultaneous meters.

Nine Inch Nails’ Trent Reznor is known for his sonic experimentation, and makes good use of noise, distortion, dissonance, and – you guessed it – polyrhythms. Listen to one of NIN’s more soothing tracks, appropriately entitled “La Mer”, and see if you can spot the polyrhythm:

At [1:22], the drums kick in, playing four beats against the three beats of the piano.

The Hemiola

One of the most common polyrhythmic motifs found in music is the hemiola:

Hemiola

The hemiola is simply three beats with equal value spaced across two beats – in other words, three notes are superimposed onto two. This polyrhythm is found in African music, where it often repeats across the whole song and is referred to as a cross rhythm, or a systematic rhythm that is the base of a piece.

Interestingly, it is also found in Western music, with baroque music making use of the hemiola to surprise the listener and play around with rhythm. David Kulma explains the hemiola using Handel’s famous “Water Music Suite in D Major”:

Essentially, the hemiola surprises the ear by playing with different groupings of a bar of six beats, resulting in a piece of music being felt in two rhythms simultaneously. You can see why it’s one of the most brilliantly simple polyrhythms out there.

How Do We Define A Polyrhythm?

Before we get into playing and counting out polyrhythms, let’s have a look at how they’re constructed.

The Polyrhythmic Formula

Polyrhythms are defined in three ways:

  • X over Y
  • X against Y
  • X:Y

All three mean the same thing, and are used interchangeably. For example, the hemiola polyrhythm discussed above is a 3 over 2 or 3:2 polyrhythm.

Let’s look at what these numbers mean, taking the simple 3:2 polyrhythm as an example.

Generally, Y is the basic pulse, over which the counter rhythm will be played, and X is the counter rhythm.

Therefore in 3:2, X = 3 and Y = 2. The polyrhythm will be played over two beats, with three evenly spaced beats played on top of those two beats – this is also known as triplets over duplets:

Triplets and duplets polyrhythm

Remember that the triplets and duplets take up the same amount of time, so that the first notes in each individual rhythm will sound together. Naturally, this means that the triplets will be played faster than the duplets, in order to arrive on beat one at the same time.

For a more in-depth look at the 3:2 polyrhythm and how to hear it, check out Greg Dyke’s excellent primer.

Let’s look at another polyrhythm, the 4 against 3 polyrhythm:

Here, X is 3, and Y is 4. Therefore, the polyrhythm will be played over four beats, with three evenly spaced beats played overtop. As in the previous example, the only time the beats line up is on beat one.

What is and isn’t a Polyrhythm?

Polyrhythms give the impression of one beat being superimposed onto another, causing conflict. Again, a basic example is the 3:2 polyrhythm, where triplets are played over duplets:

Triplets and Duplets polyrhythm

Typically, two rhythms will only be considered a polyrhythm if they have no common divisor other than 1. In the case of a 3:2 polyrhythm, there is no number (besides 1) that will divide into both 2 and 3. We can conclude that 3:2 is, in fact, a polyrhythm.

However, if in the same rhythm the 8th notes are replaced with quarter notes, it ceases to be a polyrhythm. This is because there are no longer contrasting beats. Though it may feel like you are playing in two different times, you are not:

Triplets and Quarter Notes

Try out the following short exercise! Determine whether each example is considered a polyrhythm or not using the simple rule above:

1) 5:4

2) 4:1

3) 2:5

4) 3:7

Show answer

  1. Polyrhythm
  2. Not a polyrhythm
  3. Polyrhythm
  4. Polyrhythm

Counting Polyrhythms

The conventional counting method involves using  “ah” and “and” to count out loud. For example, to count 8th notes in 4/4 time, we would use 1-and-2-and-3-and-4-and. Similarly, counting 16th notes in 4/4 time would expand to 1-e-and-a-2-e-and-a-3-e-and-a-4-e-and-a.

We can tweak this counting method to fit even the most complex polyrhythms.

However, there is a shortcut for playing the simpler polyrhythms out there… Since so many polyrhythms sound like speech, why not start there?

Polyrhythm Phrasing

Many of the simpler polyrhythms mimic the phrasing of simple, short sentences. Therefore, a method that beginners may find easier and more comfortable is associating a polyrhythm with a phrase that fits with the beat. For example, you can use the phrase “Hot Cup of Tea” to practice 3:2 polyrhythms:

3 2 Polyrhythms Hot Cup Of Tea

For some variations on the 3:2 polyrhythm and how to play them on the drums, check out Niels Myrner’s exercises.

The slightly trickier 4:3 polyrhythm can be remembered with the phrase “What Atrocious Weather”, as follows:

What atrocious weather for 4:3

The 3:2 and 4:3 rhythms are fairly straightforward once you get the hang of them. Try playing along with Daily Drum Lesson’s video tutorial.

Complex Counting

As your polyrhythms get wonkier and more complex, it’s harder to find a phrase to fit the rhythm.

This is where some simple math comes in handy. Bear with us, as this little trick will help you count and play even the most bewildering rhythms…

The Lowest Common Multiple

The lowest common multiple (LCM) is simply the lowest number that two (or more) numbers can fit evenly into. We can figure out exactly how to count a polyrhythm by finding the LCM of the two numbers X and Y.

Let’s look at the polyrhythm 3:4 as an example. The LCM is 12, meaning that 12 beats represent a full “cycle” of the polyrhythm – it takes 12 beats for the beat to “align” again.

Let’s lay out this polyrhythm in terms of a grid, split into 12 beats:

4:3 polyrhythm

As you can see, the beats are evenly spaced in both the “4” rhythm and the “3” rhythm, and the only time the beats occur simultaneously is right at the beginning – on beat one.

Let’s try a 4:5 polyrhythm next. Figure out the LCM, and draw a beat grid of what the rhythm will look like.

Show answer

5:4 polyrhythm

The lowest common multiple (LCM) of 4 and 5 is 20 – therefore, it will take 20 beats to go through one full cycle of 4:5.

Once you have a beat grid, all that’s left to do is play along! Count out loud, clapping or tapping your foot everytime an “X” appears.

For more complex polyrhythms and how to count them, check out Understanding Polyrhythms by Kevin Barrett and Drum Lessons and Polyrhythm.

How To Practice Polyrhythms

For drummers and musicians with a solid background in rhythm, the road to learning polyrhythms will be an easier one than for those just getting comfortable with playing beats.

Before diving in, remember to quickly remind yourself…

Polyrhythms Are Not As Confusing As They Seem!

Because polyrhythmic drumming has such intricate-sounding fills and is played so quickly, it’s easy to be blown away by the sheer complexity of the rhythms, and to be discouraged by the high skill level needed to even play them.

But as with any type of learning, all it takes is breaking a tricky concept down into its smaller parts; keep in mind that polyrhythms consist of simple rhythms played together in an overlapping manner. Though seasoned drummers will certainly have an easier time with polyrhythms than those with little background in rhythm, with practice, any musician can learn to incorporate them in their practice.

As with anything, the key is to start small and start slow, then work your way up to practicing more complex rhythms and playing them faster.

Put Your Body into It

What better way to internalize polyrhythms than to put your whole body into it?

If playing polyrhythms on your instrument is proving to be too difficult, try using only body percussion to better get a feel for things.

As you saw above, simpler polyrhythms can be counted out with a phrase that fits both rhythms. To complement the “Hot Cup of Tea” exercise above, try slapping your hands on your thighs along to a 3:2 rhythm, with your right and left hands each taking on one rhythm:

3:2 counting exercise

Learn with a Metronome

For beginners, learning polyrhythms by ear with a metronome is an excellent idea. Again, be sure to start slow; set your metronome to 60 beats per minute, taking the time to make sure you are getting every individual note/beat and speeding up as you become more comfortable with the rhythm.

If you’re struggling to play a polyrhythm right off the bat with a simple metronome, try out a polyrhythm metronome, such as PolyNome! It plays each beat of both meters for you to play along to, giving you the opportunity to really internalize the feel of each polyrhythm. Especially wonderful is the app’s Practice Log feature – you can keep track of what rhythms you played at what tempos and for how long, and even have access to charts and reports to track your progress.

Use a Sequencer

Did the grid system for visualizing and counting polyrhythms especially appeal to you? If so, your learning style may be best served with an online sequencer tool.

This tool comes with a plethora of instrument options, and has a highly customizable grid that you can edit to fit nearly any time signature and polyrhythm you can dream of. Best of all, there’s a playback button so you can hear exactly what your polyrhythm sounds like and clap or play along.

Online sequencer for polyrhythmsThe sequencer is also great for those wanting to experiment with more complex polyrhythms – the boxes representing a hit can be moved around, shortened, or lengthened with just one click.

Polyrhythms and Melody

Wondering how you can play polyrhythms if you’re a piano player or guitarist?

Try playing a beat on your instrument, whether it’s on one note or a simple melodic motif, while humming, tapping, or clapping overtop in a different rhythm. Start with an easier one such as 3:2.

Once you get better at this, you can lay down a 4/4 beat on a metronome or drum machine, and try playing scales in a different rhythm overtop the beat – for example, a 5:4 pattern.

Mile High Shred’s polyrhythm examples for guitarists illustrate how you can play over drum beats to form your own two-instrument polyrhythms!

Beyond The Basics

Polyrhythms are tricky little beasts that will take some time to really internalize and become comfortable with. Though they may appear intimidatingly complicated at first, remember that polyrhythms are made up of simple rhythms that are already familiar to you. The key is to start practicing simpler polyrhythms with the help of a metronome, and working your way up from there.

The good news: once you’ve nailed the basics, there’s no limit to the rhythmic variation that you can give your music.

You can subdivide one or both of the basic rhythms contained in a polyrhythm even further for another layer of rhythmic complexity. You can switch from 3:2 to 5:4 and back to surprise your listener, signal changes in music by adding a little polyrhythmic motif here and there, and put a rhythmic spin on an otherwise basic 4/4 composition to really make your music stand out out. If you feel you have a good grasp on the basics, check out Time Manipulation’s mini-lesson on some intermediate polyrhythms.

Polyrhythms are all about feel – so don’t be afraid to experiment, get your whole body involved in keeping time, and have fun – there’s no limit to the fascinating rhythms that will emerge!

Before you know it, you’ll be incorporating the polyrhythms you’ve learned into your musical practice, adding variation and interest to the beats of your own songs.

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