Lyricism and Longevity, with the Strawbs’ Dave Cousins

There may be countless clichés about how things were done in the “good old days” of music, but clichés do tend to come from a place of truth.

Before computers came along and “cleaned up the mess”, rock musicians bubbled forth with creativity in their burgeoning new genre, restlessly experimenting with the limited tools they had available in order to achieve a memorable sound. Idiosyncrasies were not considered to be undesirable – instead, they were given room to shine. Songs were often remembered for their lyrics as much as their melodies and hooks. Guitarists experimented with new tunings and techniques to create their own impressive and wholly unique style of playing.

Dave Cousins and Dave Bainbridge

Dave Cousins (right) pictured with collaborator and friend Dave Bainbridge

Dave Cousins needs no introduction to anyone familiar with the 1960s British folk and prog-rock scene. As the founding member, leader, and principal songwriter of famed rock band the Strawbs, Dave has been a prolific and distinctive songwriter for decades, in genres spanning from folk rock to bluegrass to progressive rock. His unconventional voice has garnered comparisons to Bob Dylan, and critics have praised his instantly recognizable guitar style and lyricism.

Having been involved in the world of music since the mid-60’s, Dave has watched music evolve and evolved with it. Thanks to my friend Dave Bainbridge, who was touring this summer with the Strawbs, I had the amazing backstage opportunity to pick Dave’s brain about how approaches to songwriting and making music have changed over the years, the effects of computerization on these processes, and how the Strawbs have been able to enjoy such longevity and success.

Q: Hi Dave, and welcome to Musical U!

Countless music lovers and critics have commended your musical style, which uses unconventional guitar tunings and an organic, lyrical approach to songwriting. Tell us more about how you developed your trademark style.

I started out as a bluegrass banjo player. Although I played guitar, it was the banjo that really captured my imagination. I learned to play bluegrass banjo, by slowing Earl Scruggs’ records down to half speed and working out what finger patterns he was using. Once you got those finger patterns it all slots into place and you can play as fast as you like. I found it became very mechanical, but what I did notice was that a lot of the Appalachian banjo players, because I had heard them on the Harry Smith collection, were playing in modal tunings. They’d tune the second string of the banjo up to a C.

And I thought, “I wonder what that would sound like on the guitar?” So I tuned my first string of the guitar down to a D, tuned the second string up to C, and the bass string down to D, and suddenly I had the most amazing sound on an acoustic guitar. And to this day I’ve never found anybody else who uses that particular tuning, but I’ve written a lot of songs in it. I experimented with tunings, using classic banjo tunings on the guitar to see what it sounded like.

I developed my musical and songwriting styles from using these alternate tunings. To this day, I use tunings that I’ve worked out myself, that I don’t think anyone else uses. There’s one definite advantage to it: you write songs that are very different to what anybody else writes. The disadvantage is that people can’t work out what the chords are. They can’t work out how to play the songs, so they often come up and say, “What are the chords to that song?”.

As I started to write songs, I started to write the words as well. And I’ve found that as I was going along, some lines were longer than others. So instead of saying, “Oh, I must cut that back and make every line regular,” I’d extend certain lines to be a different length. That gave the song a different characteristic. It made it less mechanical.

Q: That’s a very interesting and quite organic approach to songwriting. How do you think computerization has affected the process of songwriting?

What has happened more recently as people have gotten into computerization is they take the lazy method of writing. They don’t sit down and write songs on acoustic guitar and add extra bits if it’s necessary. Instead, they work out the first verse of a song and a chorus, and they cut and paste it on the computer, and as a result, you’re getting mechanical-sounding songs with no variation in them whatsoever. And I find that incredibly sad.

You can just hear it in the songs, that they all sound much the same. There’s no variation. And the only time you can hear it is with people who use real instruments, who actually play it live and work it out by playing the song on a guitar or on a banjo if you like, but playing it live, as it makes the whole difference of the whole thing. And I think that music has deteriorated as a result of computerization nowadays.

Yes, I used to sit in my bedroom and work out songs myself. Kids now record on computers and put the records out, but again, they’re cutting and pasting and chopping and changing.

That’s not to say that we don’t use that, but on our records you’ll find that I’m not particularly accurate at it, so you’ll find your 2/4 bar in the middle of a 4/4 song coming in. And it just adds that little shuffle to it. You can find this in a couple of classic songs. The Beatles song is “All You Need is Love”, where it’s not in 4/4 all the way through, it skips a beat every now and then. You can also hear it in the Blondie song “Heart of Glass”.

It really adds something different to the music.

Q: Could you elaborate on that? What kind of qualities does that lend to a song?

It gives the song a personality and a style that makes it different. Nowadays people writing at home wouldn’t think of putting an odd beat in a song like that, because they’re not writing and playing it on the guitar. They’re playing it on the computer, cutting and pasting, and it’s taken a lot of the character out of music. Now you listen to the pop channels and you hear voices all being in perfect pitch, all being pitched up.

Bob Dylan never sang in perfect pitch – it all varied! That gave his voice its character and distinctive sound. Somebody once tried to tune up my voice, but it was taken from a live recording. In tuning it up, it put all the instrumentation out of tune, so when you played it all back together it sounds as though the whole band was out of tune, even though it wasn’t. So it doesn’t work all the time and I don’t like it. It’s always a good idea to go back to the old ways: play a guitar, put it in different tunings, and suddenly you’ll come out with a whole different feel and style of songwriting.

Q: In an interview, Joe Walsh mentioned the magic from the ’70s and ’80s, where it wasn’t so computerized. He also mentioned that what happened back then in a recording studio was very different from how it is now: as you said, the cut, copy, paste! What was maybe a mistake back then, we now remember as a magic part of the song.

Have you heard anything that has been interesting new that has captured your ear?

About ten years ago, I bought a record by a Spanish group called Radio Tarifa. Tarifa is the nearest point in Spain to Africa, and so they had the mix of African instrumentation and Spanish flamenco at the same time. Gorgeous record, and on one track the rhythm section was a flamenco dancer. It’s on a record label called Nonesuch Records.

The record was made totally without computerization. They did a live album in Toronto, and then split up. It was a great shame because they were so fantastic!

Q: It’s sad to think how many bands split prematurely – just look at Badfinger, with the untimely suicide of their frontman Pete Ham.

As a veteran of the industry, you’ve witnessed the ongoing transformation of the music business. How have the processes of marketing and releasing records changed with it?

A lot of records are sold on social media. And of course with older bands like us, our fans don’t necessarily use social media in blanket form as the young kids do.

So whereas our records still sell in reasonable quantities, nowadays you can get records that sell 25 million. In the early days, it was quite rare to get big records like that. Someone like Adele or Sam Smith will suddenly take off in a worldwide way. They’re distinctive voices and stylings, but if you look at the writing credits, there’s three or four writers on each track. It’s like, “We’ll just go into the studio, we’ll put you in with a team of writers so you have a share of it.”

How about working it out for yourself?

You have to think in a mercenary way. The opening track of our album is called “The Nails From the Hands of Christ”:

Dave Bainbridge came up with that wonderful instrumental opening, but I thought, “Hang on, it makes the whole thing for a start nine minutes long, so we’ll call the opening part a separate track.” So people want to buy the album and download it, they’ve got to buy that as a separate track, but when they hear it and play it through it’ll blend as it’s meant to be.

And we did that on another song that was 11 minutes long, separated out the beginning of that section, which is me playing acoustic guitar and Dave playing flute and other instruments over it. And that’s now called “The Reckoning”, and it sets up the scene for “The Ferryman’s Curse” which is the title track of the album. So that’s a separate track. You’ve got to think marketing-wise.

I learnt that very quickly when we first put out records in America. We were told that they pay 10 cents a track for the publishing, so I thought, “Hey, I’m writing songs that are ten minutes long in three sections.”

So what did I do? I called each of the three sections by a separate title so they had to pay 30 cents a track for that one song rather than 10 cents for the one track. You have to think like that, and people don’t. They don’t realize what you can do. The downloaders are making money hand over fist and the artists aren’t getting the money, so you’ve got to take them on at their own game. So if you got a song that’s very long, split it into two sections and call it two songs.

Q: That’s a great idea!

And speaking of long, your band, the Strawbs, has been able to enjoy 54 years of success (and counting!). What’s the key to this incredible longevity?

I think it’s all down to the lyrics of the songs: people identify with them. I’ve heard people who have been hospitalized say that they’ve recovered by listening to the albums! I had a young lady who had 11 electric shock treatments come to visit me when I was living down in the west country in England, and said that she’d found the whole thing eased her and gave her comfort. She just knocked on the door of my house and said, “I just want to say thank you.” She came in and stayed for a couple of days and went off and disappeared, and I never saw her again. There are even many couples, in the USA in particular, who get married to one of our songs.

Q: Amazing! What song is that?

That’s the last part of “Autumn”. We call it the “Winter Long”:

That was one of the songs that was divided into three sections. That is the song that couples either have their first dance to, or walk down the aisle to. The fact that people have decided to celebrate one of the most important days of their lives with one of our songs is very flattering. It means something specific to them, sometimes spiritual if you like. Not that the songs are deliberately spiritual or religious, but people seem to just find comfort in the words. That is what has given us our longevity. Concentrate on your words. Don’t just write, “I love you babe”. There’s much more to it than that.

We have a song called “The Familiarity of Old Lovers”. People just don’t write about that as a song, let alone sing it. Okay, it takes a bit of timing to get it right, but it sets the whole song into different characters. I quite often come up with song titles and then work out what on earth it’s going to be about.

Q: Right. It’s funny you mentioned that. My wife and I were in Chicago, and I forget where we were, but they had the music on. A song came on and it was a nice romance song from the ’70s by the band Bread. I was listening to their lyrics thinking, “Wow, they’re just so deep.” Then right after, this new song came on, and all it was, “I want your body.” I couldn’t help thinking, “Wow, how have we gone from these really thought-out lyrics, to this?”

Most of my songs are autobiographical. So if you want to know my life, what I’ve done in my life, it’s all there. I’ve covered them up to protect people sometimes.

I’m essentially writing about things that have happened to me or experiences that I’ve had, stories that I’ve picked up along the way. And that is what gives the music its longevity. Yes, we do nice tunes, but people also remember the words, they can relate to them. They like both music and lyrics together.

Q: Totally.

While you’ve undergone various changes in lineup throughout the years, the Strawbs have stayed together for a long time – since 1964, to be exact. How have you been able to maintain this kind of longevity?

The StrawbsWe just like playing the songs. If we all didn’t like playing the songs, we wouldn’t do it.

Some of the songs are a challenge, that’s for sure – they’re not straightforward, I use unusual tunings, and there are various sections where it changes.

It’s incredibly powerful. I’ve learned that in writing, you don’t have the use the basic chord. You can write other chords around it, and I’ve just got a new song coming in, using that different tuning. Because of that tuning you hear atmospheres and textures that keep our music fresh, challenging, and interesting for us to keep playing.

Q: It’s become your signature. In a review of your album, I’ve read someone say, “You can always tell a Dave Cousins guitar sound as soon as he starts playing.” And it’s interesting that you say that.

One last thing: is there anything you would say to people just getting into music, any encouraging words?

Don’t give up.

Q: That’s a good one! Dave, thank you very much for giving us an inside peek on your songwriting, and for sharing your thoughts on the evolution of music and songwriting.

Writing Music, “Old School”

We may be living in the computer age, but as any seasoned musician will tell you, there simply is no substitute for the human touch when it comes to songwriting and recording.

The time you invest into crafting meaningful lyrics, adding variation, and experimenting with subtleties in your music will more than pay off. The advantage of this human touch over computerization is immediately recognizable – the latter will create a sound that is uniquely yours. 

Dave spoke of how experimenting with different tunings can add a new dimension to your songs. Try it out yourself – there are countless tunings with unique sounds that you can try out besides your standard EADGBE.

The post Lyricism and Longevity, with the Strawbs’ Dave Cousins appeared first on Musical U.

Training for sports has nothing in common with music… doe…

https://www.musical-u.com/learn/3-sports-ideas-help-music/
Training for sports has nothing in common with music… does it? 🤔 There are many parallels that between the two that you can borrow in your own music learning. Here are 3 ideas from the Musical U team. https://www.musical-u.com/learn/3-sports-ideas-help-music/

What is a mode… and how can they be used for soloing? Bri…

https://www.musical-u.com/learn/beginning-modal-improvisation-with-brian-kelly-from-zombie-guitar/
What is a mode… and how can they be used for soloing? Brian from Zombie Guitar joins Musical U to show you how to begin with modal improvisation. https://www.musical-u.com/learn/beginning-modal-improvisation-with-brian-kelly-from-zombie-guitar/

Multi-coloured Music, with the HookTheory team

Today we’re talking with Dave Carlton and Chris Anderson, two of the three creators of HookTheory – one of our favourite music-learning websites and one that can transform the way you understand melodies and harmony in the music you love. Ryan Miyakawa, the third team member, couldn’t be with us today but we’re hoping to have him on the show for a followup episode in future.

HookTheory is one of a handful of websites that we are constantly recommending to people who are learning music and looking for easier ways to understand music theory. We’ve been continually impressed with their approach and the quality of the teaching they provide, and it was a real delight to immerse ourselves in the two HookTheory books last year.

HookTheory is a new way of visualising notes and chords in music, as well as a very different and far more effective and interesting way of teaching core music theory concepts in songwriting.

In this conversation we talk about:

  • The quite different musical backgrounds that the three HookTheory creators have and what they found a shared passion for that led to creating HookTheory together
  • What makes HookTheory different and why that might matter to you
  • Whether or not interactive tools like HookPad which make it easy to write music with computer assistance are removing the need for learning music theory yourself

If you’ve never been to HookTheory.com, we know this conversation will inspire you to go dive in, and if you’ve seen HookTheory in action, you’ll enjoy this peek behind the scenes of where such a cool project came from and what’s in store for the future.

Listen to the episode:

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Transcript

Christopher: Welcome to the show, Dave and Chris. Thank you for joining us, today.

Dave: Hey, Christopher. Great to be here.

Chris: Yeah, it’s great. Thanks Christopher. It’s good to talk to you.

Christopher: So I’d love to begin at the beginning and understand, ’cause Hook Theory is a really interesting project in terms of the way you approach music theory and learning to write music. I’d love to understand where each of you is coming from in terms of music, how you got started and what music education looked like for each of you.

Chris: Sure, you — I’ll take the lead. So I’m a self-taught guitar player and I also play a little bit of piano and picked up guitar when I was about 21. It was my third year of college and I spent the summer at this internship. I moved in with one of my college buddies and he had this really sweet U.S., like, Fender strap and I just always thought — over in the corner or the room and he’d play it every now and then — and I’m, like, “Hey, could you show me a couple chords?” and so I started playing guitar and, you know, I would say I was a very typical, like, self-taught guitar player, I, you know, looked up tabs for, like, Wonder Wall and Led Zeppelin songs and just, kind of, like, continued to get better playing and learned more and more songs and, yeah, like, eventually I met Ryan, who’s one of the other Hook Theory people and this is like a couple of years after, so my first year of grad school and he ended up teaching me a little bit of music theory and so that ended up having like a huge influence on my musical endeavors, but, yeah, I definitely have no formal music education. In fact, I don’t — I mean, I can read sheet music, because, like, technically I know how to do it but I wouldn’t say I’m the type of person that looks at sheet music and plays it.

I think Dave comes from, like, a completely different —

Dave: Yeah. I certainly grew up, I guess I would call myself, classically trained. I grew up playing the piano from a pretty early age and then played the trumpet in high school band as well as college but I wouldn’t call myself a — I wasn’t a very serious musician. I certainly was, you know, practicing a lot but I wasn’t going into big important recitals or anything. So it wasn’t really until college and I took a lot of music classes in college and really got interested in it and that’s kind of when I think our shared interest for starting something like Hook Theory kind of began, when we got more serious about music.

Chris: Yeah, and then there’s Ryan, who’s not here, right now, but he — the guy, like, one of his memories as a kid is literally, like, sneaking down to — they had a piano at their house and he would, like, sneak down to the piano and play, like, little, like, not — I don’t know if it was pop songs, because he was, like, such a kid, but, like, little tunes he’d hear from, like, a cartoon or something that he would really like, but he wasn’t allowed to play those during his, like, music lessons so he would, like sneak down and play those and so he grew up with, like, a super-formal, you know, education from a very, very young age and, you know, he has, like, perfect pitch, is just an incredible songwriter, just, musically, just incredibly solid. I mean, you could put him in a room with pretty much any musician in the world and he could, like, he’d hold his own and so he, I think, like, is sort of the music glue that kind of brought the three of us together, I would say to even…

Dave: Yeah, when Ryan and I actually grew up…

Christopher: …get going on it.

Dave: …we were really, really good friends growing up. We went to the same elementary school, high school, college, grad school, so we go back a long ways and definitely would second everything that Chris said about his. He’s definitely a, I would consider a musical genius. (Laughs)

Christopher: Very cool. And so it sounds like you each have quite different musical backgrounds. Maybe Dave, you and Ryan have a bit more in common in terms of the classical training.

Dave: Yeah. I would consider myself very much in the middle. Yeah. And so I think, as you say, it’s kind of an interesting mix because it really covers a lot of bases from the casual guitarist to the really serious musician to kind of in-between.

Christopher: And how did that work for you guys? Because, you know, for my part, knowing musicians, they don’t always play well with others, particularly when you have that difference in backgrounds. Do you guys just find you clicked? Were there any awkward moments trying to find musical common ground, or…

Chris: Well, so I think, like we, I mean, we came together just as friends, right? So I met the two of them in grad school and they had already known each other for, like a long time, as David said, and I came into the group and we were just buddies for several years and — but it was really, I think, you know, when Ryan — so, there’s a part I kind of left out, which is when I first got to Berkeley, like, I, you know, I’d already been playing guitar for a couple of years and then as I started hanging out with Ryan I would sometimes, like, you know, have my guitar with me and there’s this, there’s this one moment that, just, I’ll never forget, which is one of the first times I came over to his house and I was sitting in the living room just strumming some chords on my Taylor guitar and he was in the other room, like, doing dishes, like not even looking at me and I had strummed a couple chords and I just hear him, like, kind of turn off the sink and he says, “Play a B minor,” and I am , I just, I’m, like, “What?” So I played a B minor and it was literally just, like, the exact perfect next chord and I’m like, “How did he know that?” Like, not only did he know, like, what chords I was already playing so he was able to hear that but then he knew what would sound good next.

So that was kind of the beginning of, like, I’m like, “How did you know that?” So he started teaching me essentially the basics of music theory and how music works but he did it in just the most awesome, intuitive, simple way, like, there was no sheet music. He just, like, explained things in a very fundamental, simple way and after about a year of that I was like, I always — in the back of my mind — was thinking, like, “God, I bet you every other musician in the world would love to have someone like Ryan teach them.” And that, in my mind, was, like, the seed of, kind of, like, of Hook Theory, actually. That was even, like, years before we ever even started building Hook Theory, but it was this way that Ryan taught me. And so we always knew that there was this kind of unmet demand of all these self-taught, you know, musicians that, you know, either carried sheet music or don’t have formal training and music theory is super intimidating to them and that would love this information but they needed, like, a consumable, like, you know, delightful, kind of, like, intuitive way to learn it and so it was easy, to answer your question. Like, we just came together and there was no question about, kind of, what we wanted to do and where we felt that the gap was.

Christopher: Cool, and one thing I’m always keen to ask about when I talk to people like yourselves who started these phenomenal projects, what gave you the drive to create something? You’d had this insight that there was a better way to learn music theory and you’d enjoyed the benefit of it yourself, but I know firsthand how hard it is to create something from nothing and get it out there and get it in a form that people like and enjoy and can use, so what was it that brought the three of you together to actually make that happen?

Dave: Good question. I think all three of us really like teaching and we also like building stuff together as friends so kind of combining those two together it kind of made it easy and it was just a fun thing for us to do so we just enjoyed working on it and obviously if it wasn’t something that we enjoyed doing we wouldn’t be doing it for the fun that we have.

Chris: Yeah, I mean, when we first started, we would just, it was, like, every week we would meet at Ryan — Ryan and David lived together at the time and we would — I would just go over to their house at, like, eight o’clock at night and we would just sit up in Ryan’s room until, like, 2:30 in the morning and just start, like, writing software and developing, like, our teaching method and the visualizations and all that stuff and it was, like, one of the funnest times that, I mean, it was cool, I just like building things, so, I don’t know, it was like, right after, kind of, like, that Facebook movie came out and, you know, it was like, just, you could just see, like, how awesome it can be to like, build something. Not that we’re anything close to Facebook, but yeah. It was fun. It was great.

Christopher: And so are the three of you all software developers by background? Do you all have that skill set to build something in terms of web software?

Chris: Yeah. Yeah, we’re all engineers by day, so that’s a kind of a shared skill that we all have, so it’s definitely been very useful to apply that knowledge to music and write software to help people learn.

Christopher: And Dave, you mentioned something before about how you’re — you consider yourself a classical musician and I think it might surprise some people that from that background you’ve created as part of a team a product that is so clearly oriented towards the creative side of music making, because, you know, the classical way of learning music is really about reproducing other people’s repertoire on your instrument to a large extent or very rigid, structured composition. I’d love to hear, what was it that led you to that approach to music or that outlook on what music making can be?

Dave: Yeah, I mean, for me, growing up as a classically trained musician, quote-endquote, it was always still very mysterious because I knew all my scales and I could play on the instruments but as you say, it’s very much just reproducing songs that other people have written and I really had no idea, frankly, how to go from a scale to a full song and that was something that Ryan obviously knew how to do and once I got to college and learned some more music theory I had to kind of pick some more stuff up, but it was always kind of a mystery and it was always something that I was very interested in and didn’t feel like there were any good resources available despite the interest that I had, even as a classically trained musician I felt like I was kind of lacking in resources.

Chris: Yeah, and I’ll just add to that which is like, you know, as someone who, you know, couldn’t read sheet music, you know, I was in grad school for, you know, like, engineering and you know, I’m fine learning new things but it was just, like, it felt like just such a huge barrier. I’m like, “Ugh, God, I got to learn how to read sheet music before I can even get started understanding any of these concepts.” It was like, “No, I’m not gonna bother with that,” you know? And so, yeah, seeing there was a path to the information that just, like, literally leapfrogged over the notation was awesome and we’re like, we got to share this with everybody.

Christopher: Yeah, and this may or may not be the same question as what makes a theory different and innovative, but you mentioned that Ryan had a particular way of explaining things that just made it so much easier and you wanted to share that way of teaching music with a larger audience. What was it that characterized that? What made it so different and so effective for you?

Chris: Well so the first thing — and this may sound just so incredibly simple, but it was the idea of songs kind of being in a key and that you can name the chords by the number chord they are in the key. So let’s go with, like, a simple example of chords that probably most people have played before, like if you play a G chord and then a D chord and then a C chord, those are all in the key of G and the G chord would be called, like, the first chord, because it’s the G chord and you’re in the G scale and then the D chord would be called the five chord and the C chord would be called the four chord, and that was, like, really the beginning of what Ryan was teaching me. He was like, “So when you play those chords,” he was like, “try in your head to just think of them as 1-5-4, you know? Don’t think of them necessarily as G-D-C.” And then he’s like, “So you can take that same pattern, 1-5-4, and, you know, play it in a different key, for example. So, you know, if you were going to start out in the key of D, that same pattern 1-5-4 would be, like, the D chord, the A chord, and then the G chord.” And so, I was like, “Oh, wow. So you can actually take, you sort of, you take the chord names,” which, there are so many chord names, right, because there’s basically, like, 12 different, you know, major keys. There’s all these different chord names and sharps and flats and blah-blah-blah-blah, and I’m like, “You could just boil it down to these seven numbers,” and that, to me, was, just, like, a really beautiful a-ha moment.

So I started thinking of songs and I’d be like, “Oh, you know, I want to play this, you know, Guns N’ Roses song,” and he’d be like, “Oh, that’s just a 1-4-6, you know, progression,” and I was like, “It doesn’t even matter what the key I play it in. I can just play that in whatever key I want and it’ll still fundamentally sound the same.” So that, like, basic concept was the thing that just, I was like, “This is so simple. How come this isn’t just common knowledge everywhere?” and, yes. It was really —

Dave: That —

Chris: Yeah, and I think beyond…

Dave: That simple.

Chris: …beyond that, then the fact that there’s tendencies that certain chords within that seven-chord system go together in different ways and, you know, if you’re playing a dischord, there’s another that’ll by likely be, will sound good if you play it next. It’s also kind of the next step beyond that and I always found that those were some of the tendencies that I didn’t really know and found really fascinating…

Dave: Yeah.

Chris: …as I was kind of learning my music theory and harmony.

Christopher: Hm. I’ve said this on the podcast a few times at this point but I am still kind of confused as to why this isn’t a bigger part of music education and for me growing up in the U.K. instrument learning system, you know, when you studied music theory you got a bit into functional harmony and you would have the basic intellectual understanding that, yes, you can number the chords and the key and you probably did some exercises to figure out what they’d be in different keys, but nobody made that bridge to the songs I was actually playing and what this might mean for playing by ear or how this might apply to figuring out melodies or improvising melodies and one of the things I love about Hook Theory is that you so naturally bridge those two worlds, you know, you’re rooted in functional harmony and how things have always worked but you’re talking very much in practical terms and using song examples that make sense to people and, yeah, I just think I still find it kind of flabbergasting that this isn’t normal. It sounds like you guys were feeling a bit the same, like, why isn’t it taught this way?

Dave: Yeah. To me it’s always – I mean, scales are very important, and you know, doing these intellectual exercises are super crucial, but it’s kind of, that was what music theory meant to me and so it didn’t have the connection to real music and that’s kind of one of the things that we tried to make.

Christopher: Hm. So that’s clearly one of the really defining things about Hook Theory, that you’re looking at everything in these functional terms. You’re talking about notes and chords relative to the tonic and so relative to the key. One of the other things that I think jumps out to someone who comes to Hook Theory for the first time is that it’s very colorful, which isn’t something we normally associate with music. You know, if you look at traditional staff notation, it’s black and white, that’s that. Tell us a bit about that color system and why it is such a colorful way of representing music.

Dave: Yeah, so we color every, all the scales degrees, these numbers of the scale and we give them the colors of the rainbow and then the reason we do that is to emphasize that regardless of what key you’re in, whether you’re in the key of C or the key of G, that one chord or that first note of the scale is always gonna be red and keep you grounded in that, in this functional system and it also, I think that one of the other reasons we do it is to reinforce the functionality of each of these notes in the scale by giving another sense, color in this case, to the scale degree and so it reinforces it and it’s kind of another ear training device to kind of help with that.

Chris: Yeah, and I would just add to that, this was right around the time when Guitar Hero, which is that game that was on PlayStation had just exploded and it just got so much traction and, you know, the simple beauty of that game was you had this control over four square buttons that were four different colors and you had basically four different, like, colors on the video game screen and you would just match color to color and we just knew that that was, like, an interface that people find intuitive and that colors, just, humans like color, and so it’s a nice tool that could quickly trigger a memory and, like, help you recognize patterns. So it’s like, you can just look at a song in Hook Theory and be like, “Oh, that’s red, red, blue, green, purple,” and maybe that’s to you what, you know, a 1-1 — I guess that’s 1-1-5-4-6 or I don’t even know what colors I said, but maybe to you, like, red, red, green, blue, purple is the sound, right, and that’s cool.

And originally, Ry- so Ryan — this is just a side note, ’cause this is kind of a funny story — so Ryan has synesthesia, which is this really, really interesting condition for those of you who don’t know about it, where he literally associates everything with a color, like, I mean, that, everything. So something like a musical pitch is like a very specific color to him, like I am a color to him, like, Chris is a color to him, like, Dave is a color to him, everything’s color. So he already had all of these colors for, like, scale degrees and they were these random colors and he would, like, really, really, really wanted them to be his colors, so it’s, like, “No man, we have to do the rainbow. Like, we’re not betting on this.” I think he’s finally okay with our color system.

Christopher: That’s great. I think it’s a really elegant solution that, you know, it makes me think of the Kodaly approach to solfa where you don’t just have a name for each note, you have a hand sign, too that gives that physical sense of, you know, what do is and how re relates to it and so on and I think it’s so powerful for giving the brain another handle on what’s going on in the music you hear.

So when we spoke back in two thousand, I think, thirteen, you guys had been up and running for a little while but it was still fairly early days and one of the things that was jumping out then was that Hook Theory was getting used a lot by songwriters to understand, you know, what are normal chord progressions and what are normal chord progressions and what are the options in terms of chords and songs. Was that what led on to the Hook Theory books or was that something that was always part of the vision for what Hook Theory could be?

Chris: I’d say the books were really kind of from the beginning. We really had this method in mind for what we wanted. We had something to say about how we wanted to teach music and we were gonna write those books and so that was really part of it from the beginning, yeah.

Dave: Yeah, so, I mean, the second book just came out about a year ago, actually, and that’s like the intermediate, advanced level stuff but we really, like, Hook Theory literally started with the first book, I mean, that was almost, you know, all of Hook Theory in the beginning and then as we built the, like, music examples for the book — so the book’s filled with all of these music concepts and every time we teach concepts we’ll show how it’s done in a real song so, you know, we analyzed probably, you know, a few hundred little clips of, like, Bob Dylan songs and Aerosmith songs and this and that in the first book and then we were like, “Well, these things kind of stand alone,” and then we had this idea. What if we could make a whole part of the website where you could actually see, like, the theory behind, you know, real songs that you like? Instead of looking up a guitar tab, you could look up, like, the functional chord changes and melody changes. And that was, when we launched, it was essentially the first book and then as the part of the website where at the time — they’re now called, “theory tabs” but at the time, I don’t even know what we called them. We called them analyses, I think.

Chris: Yeah, something less cool.

Dave: Yeah, but that was really, that was where we started.

Christopher: Awesome. I wrote reviews of the two Hook Theory books last year on our website and I think I said in one of the reviews, this is very much the music theory book I wish I’d had and I think there were two amazing things that do set it apart from your traditional music theory book and the first is just, the overall approach, the fact that you are explaining things, not, you know, “Here are the rules. This is how it’s always worked to learn the rules and apply them,” but “Let’s look at songs. What do songs do? Why do the chords do this in songs? How can we learn from that?” You know, it’s very much that practical and modern perspective on why music theory matters and the other amazing thing is that, you know, it’s hard to really convey in an audio form like this. I’ll put links to the reviews in the show notes so people can read and see screen shots and videos there, but, you know, these are books in the very modern sense of the word. This is something you use on your computer or your tablet. It’s got embedded videos, it’s got sound examples and you guys pack it with very clear, vivid illustrations, animations really, of what’s going on in the song as you hear it and I just, I’m jealous, in a way of today’s musician that gets to come up and use that as their theory book because I think it totally transforms your relationship to what theory can be and what it can do for you.

Dave: Well, thank you, I mean, that’s exactly why we created them, I mean, yeah.

Chris: Yeah, you couldn’t have said it better. (Laughs) Yes. That’s — yes. That’s why they exist. I mean, yeah, we felt the same way.

Christopher: And the last piece of the puzzle as it were I suppose is the Hookpad system which gives people an interactive environment for putting all of this into practice and starting to experiment. Can you tell us a bit about how Hookpad works?

Dave: Yeah, it uses the same system with the colors and, kind of thinking about music functionally as the system we teach in the book but it’s a very quick way of writing out your chord progressions and melodies in this system and so a lot of composers, songwriters will very quickly fire up Hookpad and then if you want to write a quick progression, 1-4-5, 1-5-6-4, you just type 1-5-6-4 on the keyboard and boom, you have your chord progression and it’ll play back for you and you can transpose it to whatever key. The key is sort of, like I said, it doesn’t really matter, but you can transpose it to whatever key you want and export it to your guitar tab or your conventional sheet music or if you want to compose something in Garage Band or Logic, you can export it as a midi. So yeah, we found it a very useful tool and for making connections to the books that you’re using as a companion while you’re trying to learn, it’s great for that, but if you want to try to write your own music it’s great for that, too.

Chris: Yeah, so and then Hookpad does some things that I still to this day just think are literally, like, magical, so one of the things that it does that I think is so cool is, say you put in a chord progression like Dave said, so 1-5-4. For those of you that are new to these numbers, let’s pretend we’re in the key of G. So I put down a G chord, a D chord, and a C chord. Very pleasant, nice sounding chord progression.

What Hookpad can do, so Hookpad has a chord staff and then above it it’s got a melody staff and Hookpad can tell you over each chord, so there’s three different chords there, G, D, C. Over each chord there’s kind of a subset of notes that if you base your melody around those notes your melody will kind of have this nice, stable sound and it gives you essentially, like, these guidelines for how to kind of lay out your melody. It’s not like, “Oh, use only these notes,” but it’s just saying, like, “Hey, you know, if you kind of make sure to include these notes at least by half the time your melody’s gonna sound pretty darn good,” and that is just the coolest thing ever, in my opinion and it’s one of the things that actually Hook Theory as a whole does, is it shows you these relationships between not, like, the chords on their own, but then also, like, how the melody relates to the chords and so Hookpad’s great for that.

Another cool thing about Hookpad is it can help you find out a good next chord so, like, and it’s called, “Magic Chord,” and you just — you can literally, if you want, just open Hookpad and just hit Magic Chord, Magic Chord, Magic Chord, Magic Chord and it’ll basically write, like, a little song and that’s really cool and when you do a magic chord it’ll tell you the context. It’ll say, like, “Oh, in 1972,” you know, “the Beatles used this chord in this same way,” and yeah, so it does some things that to me, like, now, that are just so normal, because I’ve been using Hookpad for so long but, wow, like, the ability to actually get a lot of help writing, composing a melody is something that the Hookpad does that really, I don’t think anything else can do that today. There’s nothing else. So yeah. That’s cool.

And we’re about to release Hookpad 2, which is going to have even more awesome stuff.

Christopher: That was a brutal teaser. (Laughs) Do you have a release date in mind? Can we tell the audience when to expect Hookpad 2?

Chris: Yeah, so I think we, we were, we started a year ago. It’s been, you know, a ton of work. We were hoping to do it to get it out before — in this year. Like, I don’t think we’re gonna hit that, but we’re really close so I would say —

Dave: Early next year.

Chris: Early, early — yeah. Early 2018. Yeah. It’s very, it’s getting very close.

Dave: Yeah. We’re real excited about it.

Christopher: Fantastic. So the two things you touched on there, I think, are great examples of what make your approach so innovative and interesting, you know, chord tones, for example. We had a recent podcast episode talking about how training your ear to hear the notes in chords can let you write melodies or play melodies by ear or improvise because you understand that connection between the melody and the chords and similarly, your Magic Chord feature does sound like magic and at the same time it’s something that, you know, songwriters traditionally have had to learn and internalize and kind of build up their vocabulary of what chords work well together.

Those are both things where, you know, traditionally technology couldn’t really help you and there’s a set of people these days who would argue that technology is removing the need to develop those skills. You know, if you have a tool like Hookpad do you really need to understand what a 1-4-5 is if you can just press the button? Do you really need to know how to listen for the notes in music if you can just kind of try things out and hear them played for you? Where do you guys stand on that? Do you see technology replacing the need to that kind of traditional music education?

Dave: Well, Hookpad really certainly makes experimenting easier with different sounds so in that way I guess it would help if you didn’t know anything but it’s certainly the more music theory you bring to the table, the richer your usability of Hookpad is gonna be, because it’s based on music theory and it talks the language of music theory so we certainly are firmly in the camp that the more you know the better your songwriting is gonna be and, you know, to use analogy, it would be pretty ridiculous if you wanted to be a poet but you didn’t think that you needed to learn the language and you could just get around, you know, putting words together randomly that you find in a word generator or something like that.

Chris: Right, yeah. I mean, music is always gonna be art in addition to any sort of scientific approach that one might take, you know, to writing a song and, yeah, like, this is, like, an even broader question, right, we’re getting into this future now where, like, all these, like, artificial intelligence and, like, virtual, kind of, intelligence things can help us do tasks in general, like, possibly better and I think ultimately, like, with music, though, it’s — there’s a — yeah. I think, like, in general that it’s — you don’t ever want to be so reliant on technology that that’s all, the only way you can do something, you know, I think, like, there’s always gonna be a moment when you’ll be, like, sitting around a campfire or something and you need to rely on your own skills and you don’t have Hookpad with you so, yeah, I mean, we definitely view it as a tool to help you explore, to help you create, and it’s kind of like if you were in a room with one of your good friends and they were also a good musician and like they could bounce ideas, you could bounce ideas off of them. That’s like, kind of like where we philosophically, like, see Hookpad as, like, this tool to help you but we also don’t want it to be, like, you know, a crutch and that’s, like, the only way you can do things.

Christopher: Gotcha. So we’ve talked about a few different things that we talked about the theory tab where people can see the notes and chords of popular music and start to get a sense of how it all fits together. We talked about the Hook Theory books which are very rich multimedia ways of exploring this functional approach to harmony and songwriting and we just talked about Hookpad which lets people experiment and start creating their own musical ideas. For someone who’s new to Hook Theory and wants to dive in, they’re excited about everything they’ve heard in this conversation, what’s the best place for them to start?

Chris: Probably the best place to start is reading about, I mean, you’ve already talked a lot about the books, but, you know, that we have the page where we like, talk about the books in a little more detail. Like, read that and if you think it’s a good fit get the first book. I mean, I know that sounds silly to be like, “Oh, buy our product,” but yeah, it’s like, it’s pretty cheap. It’s only, like, $14.99 and it’s the introduction, really, to the whole system. That’s assuming that you kind of don’t know any music theory and you’re this person, that, you know, like, is really hungry and interested in this and if you already know a lot you could probably go straight to our Theorytab area, which is, like, the big library of songs if you’re interested in seeing, like, “Oh, wow, like, what’s the theory of ‘Stairway to Heaven’?”

But yeah, so I think, like, the books really are the best place to start, I think.

Dave: Yeah, and I guess we have some blog posts, too, if you don’t, you’re not quite ready to…

Chris: Yeah.

Dave: …shell out some money. We do have some stuff that kind of talks, you know, about some specific concepts that you can get an idea for the way we talk about music.

Chris: Oh, I was just gonna say, too, the books are, like, you know, we’re super — we have like, a 100% refund policy, like, if somebody emails us in two years, and it’s like, “Oh, I bought this book two years ago and I didn’t like it,” we just, “Here’s your money back, no problem,” I mean, yeah, it’s a super low-risk book.

Christopher: Cool and I wouldn’t undersell how much is packed into that first book, you know, I think even if you understand intellectually what, say, a 1-4-5 chord progression is, it’s taught in such a different way and such a rich way. I — personally, I found it really, just such a pleasure to read because it does give you a different perspective even on things you think you know and Book 2 takes that to a whole other level, so, yeah, I think definitely worth checking out the contents of those books and seeing is it something you’d like to explore more.

Chris: Yeah, I mean, like, on a personal level, I mean, I’m literally, I think of all the things I’ve done in my whole life, like I think those two books, being part of those is, like, something I’m the most proud of, I mean, we just poured everything into those books and we think we just really love them and I think, yeah, so.

Christopher: Fantastic. Thank you so much. It’s been a real pleasure to get to talk to you both. As you know, I am a huge fan of Hook Theory and those books and Hookpad. I just think you have such a unique and valuable way of teaching some of the most important concepts in music. So thank you so much for taking the time to join us on the Musicality Podcast today.

Chris: Thanks for having us, Christopher. It’s been a real pleasure.

Dave: Yeah. Thanks, Christopher.

Enjoying the show? Please consider rating and reviewing it!

The post Multi-coloured Music, with the HookTheory team appeared first on Musical U.

Think that you can’t sing? 🎤 Understanding what makes a v…

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Think that you can’t sing? 🎤 Understanding what makes a voice sound bad will enable you to see that there are steps that you can take to improve and learn to love singing 🎉 Get started today with this tips from Musical U https://www.musical-u.com/learn/think-cant-sing-ask-10-questions/

Improvising with Chord Tones: Resource Pack Preview

Many musicians begin improvising with scales. It’s a great place to start since most music is composed in a specific key, with a limited set of notes. But are you ready for the next step to creating improvised melodies that sound natural, meaningful, and meshed with the harmonies that surround them? It’s time to take your improv to the next level and learn how to improvise with chord tones.

In this December’s Instrument Packs we tapped into the wisdom of our master improviser Resident Pros to explore chord tones and how to mix them into your improvisations.

Guitar

Resident Pro Dylan Welsh believes that soloing using chord tones is an awesome way to sound more melodic in your solos, and to improve your choice of notes when soloing over chord progressions:

Including:

  • How to play every diatonic triad and seventh chord arpeggio in the key, all based within the major scale box you already know.
  • How to use these arpeggios to target chord tones while soloing.
  • How to use diatonic notes from the scale to connect chord tones while moving from chord to chord.
  • MP3 Practice Tracks that include recordings of Dylan demonstrating the exercises, and backing tracks so you can practice your own chord-tone targeting.

As usual, Dylan is ready with a wealth of well-organized guitar wisdom to up your fretboard fluency to higher and higher planes.

Bass

What exactly are chord tones?  Resident Pro Steve Lawson demonstrates truly innovative ways to think about and practice chord tone improvisation:

Including:

  • What exactly are chord tones? (The answer may surprise you…)
  • Ways to navigate around every note in the chord.
  • Why harmonic function matters.
  • A fascinating star diagram that will have you thinking about chords and scales in a whole new way.
  • Chord progression exercises and MP3 tracks.

In this resource pack, you’ll learn to wield the ruling power of the bass to decide chord quality and how to go deep in both your hearing and playing with chord tones.

Singing

For this resource pack, we welcome guest Resident Pro Meghan Nixon of How to Sing Smarter – a classically-trained vocalist with a degree in Jazz Performance who has performed in Jazz, Rock, Funk, R&B, Bluegrass and Folk bands. In the past 15 years, Meghan has helped hundreds of people become better singers and musicians:

Including:

  • How to hear and sing the chord tones in all five types of 7th chords using solfege.
  • How to sing up the chords in the context of a real song.
  • How to create melodies and patterns using just chord tones.
  • How to challenge your ear and experiment with on the spot improvisation.
  • MP3s to practice with.

Meghan also introduces the concept “footholds” to ground you as you venture into uncharted improvisational areas. Learn how you too can find a stronger connection with the harmonic structures of the music you love to sing.

Piano

In this resource pack, Resident Pro Sara Campbell looks at one of the most useful (but sometimes tricky) methods: improvising with chord tones:

Including:

  • Triad Basics: How to find the correct chord tones using chord symbols.
  • Seventh Chords: Taking chord improv a step further with a variety of seventh chords.
  • More tips, tricks, and cool stuff to simplify the process of playing with chord tones.
  • MP3 backing tracks and guided exercises.

Not sure why you should learn how to improvise with chord tones? Take a look at the sheet music of some of your favorite songs. (A version with chord symbols above the piano part would be best!) You’ll see that the majority of notes in the melody can also be found within the chord structure. If you want your improvised melody to sound as natural as the original, improvising with chord tones is your ticket!

Coming up next month…

We’re turning our attention to rhythm – swing rhythm to be precise! You’ll learn the subtle art of how to make your instrument swing in a natural flowing way, and all the genres (jazz isn’t the only one!) where swing will be found.

Interested in getting access to these resources and much more, with an Instrument Pack membership? Just choose that option during checkout when you join Musical U, or upgrade your existing membership to get instant access!

The post Improvising with Chord Tones: Resource Pack Preview appeared first on Musical U.

Syncopation: Resource Pack Preview

Often, when we first learn music rhythms fall squarely on the beats. But many styles of music – jazz, ragtime, most of today’s popular styles, even classical – contain “syncopation”. These rhythms emphasize notes in the unexpected places.

In this month’s Instrument Packs we looked at how to practice syncopated rhythms on your guitar, piano, or bass.

Guitar

Syncopation can be heard in all sorts of popular music: Funk, Jazz, R&B, Soul, and even most Rock and Pop songs derive their rhythmic excitement from syncopation. Resident Pro Dylan Welsh will show you how to recognize these rhythms and accurately produce them in your own rhythm and lead playing:

Including:

  • The definition of syncopation, along with a few examples found in popular songs.
  • An exercise to develop your syncopated rhythm playing.
  • An exercise to develop your syncopated lead playing.
  • Practice MP3s to cover all the exercises for both rhythm and lead.

Add some rhythmic pizzazz to your guitar playing, especially if you want to play these heavily syncopated styles of music.

Piano

In the piano pack, Resident Pro Sara Campbell introduces an improvisational approach to amp up your syncopation skills in rhythmic and melodic playing:

Including:

  • What Exactly is Syncopation? A terminology rundown and discussion about a couple types of syncopation.
  • Syncopation Exercises: three exercises in a variety of keys and styles.
  • Tips for Learning Syncopation: If you get frustrated with counting or deciphering scores, these tips will really help.
  • Clear Notation: Composers and transcribers, this is for you!
  • Play-along MP3 backing tracks to sharpen your syncopation skills.

Enjoy your rhythmic learning as you create while you syncopate (with the added bonus of working through your fluency in all keys).

Bass

The bass is often called upon to punch up the rhythms in the low end. Resident Pro Steve Lawson takes you on a syncopated journey through the various beats and off-beats of a musical measure:

Including:

  • Defining Syncopation: What is it? Why is it important for bassists?
  • Metronome Practice: Exercises that will help you get a strong internal sense of the beat.
  • Shifting Syncopation: Exercises that shift syncopation to different beats.
  • A bass insider’s articulation tip to tighten up your syncopated rhythms.
  • Jam your syncopated bass lines with a beautiful MP3 backing track.

Once you’ve worked through this pack, you’ll have a deeper understanding and control of just where to place your bass for the desired rhythmic effects.

Coming up next month…

We’re going to continue to explore rhythmic style with swing rhythm – famously found in jazz, but also throughout blues, early rock ‘n’ roll, pop music, and world styles like Celtic dance.

Interested in getting access to these resources and much more, with an Instrument Pack membership? Just choose that option during checkout when you join Musical U, or upgrade your existing membership to get instant access!

The post Syncopation: Resource Pack Preview appeared first on Musical U.

When was the last time you listened to a piece of music w…

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When was the last time you listened to a piece of music with your eyes closed? Ruth Power from Piano Picnic walks us through the process of active listening… and the power that it can have on your musicality! https://www.musical-u.com/learn/getting-your-ear-into-gear/